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corallorhize trifide, early coral-root, northern coral-root, yellow coralroot

Stems

± strongly thickened, base not bulbous.

Inflorescences

racemes lax to dense, 8–35 × 1–3 cm.

Flowers

3–18, inconspicuous;

perianth open;

sepals spreading, yellowish to green, lanceolate, 1-veined, 3.5–7 mm;

lateral sepals often strongly recurved;

petals arching over and clasping column, light yellow-green, often spotted with purple, lanceolate, 1-veined, 3–5.5 mm;

lip white, often purple spotted, 2.5–4 × 1.5–3 mm, thin, with 2 small lateral lobes or teeth, middle lobe oblong, often somewhat dilated near apex, with 2 distinct basal lamellae;

column curved toward lip, yellowish green, sometimes spotted purple basally, with shallow adaxial channel, 2–3.3 mm;

ovary 2.1–6.5 mm;

mentum inconspicuous.

Capsules

ellipsoid, 4.5–15 × 4.3–6 mm.

2n

= 42.

Corallorhiza trifida

Phenology Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Coniferous, deciduous, and mixed woods, swamps, mountain woods, upland habitats northward, restricted to cool, moist habitats southward
Elevation 0–3100 m (0–10200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; ID; IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Corallorhiza trifida is largely autogamous, although a syrphid fly (Syrphus cinctellus) was reported as a pollinator by F. Silen (1906). Various floral morphs exist, some with weak geographic correlation; they do not appear to warrant taxonomic recognition. Variants of C. odontorhiza, C. wisteriana, and C. maculata without red and purple pigments in sepals and petals are occasionally misidentified as C. trifida.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 636.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Epidendroideae > tribe Cymbidieae > subtribe Corallorhizinae > Corallorhiza
Sibling taxa
C. bentleyi, C. maculata, C. mertensiana, C. odontorhiza, C. striata, C. wisteriana
Synonyms C. corallorhiza, C. corallorhiza var. coloradensis, C. innata, C. innata var. virescens, C. trifida var. verna, C. trifida var. virescens, C. verna, C. wyomingensis
Name authority Châtelain: Specim. Inaug. Corallorhiza, 8. (1760)
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