Conyza floribunda |
Conyza ramosissima |
|
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asthmaweed |
branching conyza, dwarf horseweed |
|
Habit | Plants erect, 30–150+ cm, branched mostly distally. | Plants spreading, 5–25+ cm, branched throughout (stems usually ± strigose). |
Leaves | faces sparsely strigose to hispidulous or glabrate (margins ± ciliolate proximally, hairs erect, on nerves); proximal narrowly oblanceolate to linear, 50–100 × 5–15 mm, toothed or entire; distal similar, smaller, entire. |
faces closely strigose; proximal blades narrowly spatulate to linear, 5–15+ × 0.5–2(–3+) mm; distal similar, smaller, narrower. |
Involucres | 3–4 mm. |
3–4 mm. |
Receptacles | 1–2+ mm diam. in fruit. |
0.7–1 mm diam. in fruit. |
Pistillate florets | 30–40+; corollas ± equaling or surpassing styles, laminae 0 or to 0.3 mm. |
20–30; corollas ± equaling or surpassing styles, laminae 0.3–0.8 mm. |
Disc florets | 10–20+. |
3–8. |
Phyllaries | usually sparsely strigose (at least the outer; margins chartaceous to scarious), outer greenish, becoming reddish brown, lanceolate, shorter, inner stramineous to reddish, lance-attenuate. |
glabrous or glabrate; outer greenish to purplish, lanceolate, shorter, sparsely strigose; inner stramineous to purplish, linear-attenuate (more scarious). |
Heads | in paniculiform or corymbiform arrays. |
in loose, corymbiform arrays or borne ± singly. |
Cypselae | pale tan (usually some with reddish nerves), 1–1.5 mm, faces sparsely strigillose or glabrate; pappi of 15–25 white bristles 2–3 mm. |
pale tan, 1–1.5 mm, faces sparsely strigillose or glabrous; pappi of 20–30, tawny to pinkish bristles 2–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 18; 54 or 56. |
= 18. |
Conyza floribunda |
Conyza ramosissima |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering late spring–early fall. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites | Disturbed sites, usually in heavy clay soils |
Elevation | 10–100 m (0–300 ft) | 100–800 m (300–2600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; Europe; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America] |
AL; AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MN; MO; MS; ND; NE; NM; OH; OK; PA; SD; TX; WI
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Discussion | Conyza floribunda is thought to be native to South America. In some floras of the past 50 or so years, Conyza bilbaoana has been treated as distinct from C. floribunda; in others, C. bilbaoana and C. floribunda have been treated as synonyms of C. bonariensis. For some traits (e.g., indument, phyllaries, florets), members of C. floribunda are intermediate to C. bonariensis and C. canadensis; some specimens that I have called C. floribunda may be hybrids. For example, a robust specimen from Santa Cruz Island, California, was originally labeled “C. bonariensis ×canadensis (?).” Locally (e.g., in Berkeley, California), C. canadensis usually comes into flower as C. bonariensis goes to seed. So far as sampled, C. canadensis is diploid; C. bonariensis is hexaploid. Pollen stainability in the Santa Cruz Island specimen is ca. 99%. If treated as a variety of Conyza bonariensis, the correct name for the taxon treated here as C. floribunda is C. bonariensis var. leiotheca. Some botanists, e.g., J. B. Marshall (1974), have treated the nomenclatural types of Conyza floribunda and C. sumatrensis (Retzius) E. Walker (= Erigeron sumatrensis Retzius) as conspecific. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 20, p. 350. | FNA vol. 20, p. 349. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Conyza | Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Conyza |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. bilbaoana, C. bonariensis var. leiotheca | Erigeron divaricatus |
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 57. (1818) | Cronquist: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 632. (1943) |
Web links |