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Argentine fleabane, asthmaweed, flax-leaf fleabane, flax-leaf horseweed, hairy horseweed, South American conyza, wavy-leaf fleabane

Canadian fleabane, Canadian horseweed, horseweed, vergerette du Canada

Habit Plants erect, 10–100(–150+) cm, branched mostly distally. Plants erect, (3–)50–200(–350+) cm, branched mostly distally.
Leaves

faces ± densely strigose or hispidulous;

proximal blades oblanceolate, 30–80(–120+) × 10–25+ mm, obscurely lobed to coarsely toothed or entire;

distal narrowly oblanceolate to linear, 10–50 × 2–10 mm, obscurely toothed or entire.

faces usually glabrate (proximal margins ± ciliolate, hairs usually stiff, spreading and hispid on nerves, hairs erect);

proximal blades oblanceolate to linear, 20–50(–100+) × 4–10(–15+) mm, toothed to entire;

distal similar, smaller, entire.

Involucres

3.5–5 mm.

3–4 mm.

Receptacles

3–5 mm diam. in fruit.

1–1.5(–3) mm diam. in fruit.

Pistillate florets

60–150+;

corollas ± equaling or surpassing styles, laminae 0 or to 0.3 mm.

20–30(–45+);

corollas ± equaling or surpassing styles, laminae 0.3–1 mm.

Disc florets

8–12+.

8–30+.

Phyllaries

usually strigose or hispidulous;

outer greenish to purplish, lanceolate, shorter;

inner stramineous to purplish, linear-attenuate (more chartaceous to scarious, less hairy).

usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely strigose (margins chartaceous to scarious);

outer greenish to stramineous, lanceolate to linear, shorter;

inner stramineous to reddish, lance-attenuate to linear.

Heads

usually in paniculiform to racemiform, rarely corymbiform arrays.

usually in paniculiform, sometimes corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

pale tan, 1–1.5 mm, faces glabrous or sparsely strigillose;

pappi of 15–25+, pinkish, sordid, or tawny bristles 3–4+ mm.

uniformly pale tan to light gray-brown, 1–1.5 mm, faces sparsely strigillose;

pappi of 15–25, white bristles 2–3 mm.

2n

= 54.

= 18.

Conyza bonariensis

Conyza canadensis

Phenology Flowering year round, mostly late summer–fall. Flowering year round, mostly summer–fall.
Habitat Disturbed sites, along roads and streets Disturbed places
Elevation 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; NM; OR; SC; TX; UT; VA; South America [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Mexico; Central America [Introduced in South America, Europe, Asia, Africa]
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Conyza bonariensis is widespread in tropical and warm-temperate regions of the world. It is thought to be native to South America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Conyza canadensis is thought to be native to North America and is now widely adventive, e.g., in South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Plants with stems glabrous and phyllaries red-tipped are sometimes treated as var. pusilla; similar plants with stems glabrous and phyllaries stramineous (not red-tipped) are sometimes treated as var. glabrata.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 349. FNA vol. 20, p. 350.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Conyza Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Conyza
Sibling taxa
C. canadensis, C. floribunda, C. ramosissima
C. bonariensis, C. floribunda, C. ramosissima
Synonyms Erigeron bonariensis Erigeron canadensis, C. canadensis var. glabrata, C. canadensis var. pusilla, C. parva, E. canadensis var. pusillus
Name authority (Linnaeus) Cronquist: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 632. (1943) (Linnaeus) Cronquist: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 632. (1943)
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