Commelina diffusa |
Commelina gambiae |
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climbing dayflower, spreading dayflower |
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| Habit | Herbs, perennial or annual, spreading. | Herbs, annual, 10–30 cm. | ||||
| Stems | decumbent to scandent. |
ascending to decumbent. |
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| Leaves | blade narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, lanceolate-elliptic or ovate, 1.5–14 × 0.5–3.3 cm, margins scabrous, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous. |
blade sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, 2–15 × 0.3–1 cm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute. |
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| Inflorescences | distal cyme 1–several-flowered, usually exserted; spathes solitary, bright green, without contrasting veins, pedunculate, usually distinctly falcate, (0.5–)0.8–4 × 0.4–1.2(–1.4) cm, margins distinct, glabrous or scabrous, sometimes also sparsely ciliate or ciliolate basally, apex usually acuminate, usually glabrous or nearly so; peduncles 0.5–2(–4) cm. |
proximal cyme ± 2-flowered, distal cyme absent; spathes solitary, whitish basally, pedunculate, usually slightly falcate, 0.9–2 × 0.4–1 cm, margins distinct, connate basally, apex acuminate, sparsely hirsute; peduncles 0.3–1.6 cm. |
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| Flowers | bisexual and staminate; petals all blue (rarely all lavender), proximal petal smaller; medial stamen anther connective usually with transverse band of violet; staminodes 2–3; antherodes yellow, medial often absent or vestigial, cruciform. |
bisexual, less than 1 cm wide; proximal sepals connate, forming cup; paired petals apricot- or peach-colored, proximal petal white, minute; staminodes 3; antherodes yellow, cruciform. |
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| Capsules | 3-locular, 2-valved, 4–6.3 mm. |
3-locular, 3-valved, 4–5.5 mm. |
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| Seeds | 5 (or less through abortion), brown, 2–2.8(–3.2) × 1.4–1.8 mm, deeply reticulate. |
5, brown, 1.9–2.7 × 2–2.4 mm, reticulate. |
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| 2n | = 56. |
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Commelina diffusa |
Commelina gambiae |
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| Phenology | Flowering fall. | |||||
| Habitat | Roadsides, pastures, and levees | |||||
| Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; Pantropical
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FL; native; w Africa [Introduced in North America] |
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| Discussion | The name Commelina nudiflora Linnaeus has been incorrectly used for this species. Varieties 4 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Commelina gambiae was first found in Florida in 1976 and is now recorded from five counties. Commelina nigratana var. nigritana, which is unknown outside of Africa, differs by having three one-seeded locules, the seeds each with two pits and lacking the reticulation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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| Key |
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| Synonyms | C. nigritana var. gambiae | |||||
| Name authority | Burman f.: Flora Indica. nec non Prodromus Florae Capensis 18, plate 7, fig. 2. (1768) | C. B. Clarke: in A. L. P. de Candolle and C. de Candolle, Monographiae Phanerogamarum 3: 146. (1881) | ||||
| Source | FNA vol. 22. | FNA vol. 22. | ||||
| Web links | ||||||