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climbing dayflower, spreading dayflower

bird-bill dayflower

Habit Herbs, perennial or annual, spreading. Herbs, perennial, unbranched to usually sparsely branched.
Roots

tuberous.

Stems

decumbent to scandent.

erect to ascending.

Leaves

blade narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong, lanceolate-elliptic or ovate, 1.5–14 × 0.5–3.3 cm, margins scabrous, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous.

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 4–15 × 0.4–1 cm, apex acuminate, glabrous to puberulent.

Inflorescences

distal cyme 1–several-flowered, usually exserted;

spathes solitary, bright green, without contrasting veins, pedunculate, usually distinctly falcate, (0.5–)0.8–4 × 0.4–1.2(–1.4) cm, margins distinct, glabrous or scabrous, sometimes also sparsely ciliate or ciliolate basally, apex usually acuminate, usually glabrous or nearly so;

peduncles 0.5–2(–4) cm.

distal cyme usually 1-flowered, exserted;

spathes solitary, green, often suffused and/or striped with purple, pedunculate, falcate or not, 2.5–8 × 0.7–1.7 cm, margins distinct, scabrous, not ciliate, apex acuminate, glabrous to puberulent;

peduncles 1.5–9.5 cm.

Flowers

bisexual and staminate;

petals all blue (rarely all lavender), proximal petal smaller;

medial stamen anther connective usually with transverse band of violet;

staminodes 2–3;

antherodes yellow, medial often absent or vestigial, cruciform.

bisexual and staminate;

pedicels puberulent;

petals dark blue, proximal petal somewhat smaller;

staminodes 3;

antherodes yellow, cruciform.

Capsules

3-locular, 2-valved, 4–6.3 mm.

3-locular, 2-valved, 5–6 mm, apiculate.

Seeds

5 (or less through abortion), brown, 2–2.8(–3.2) × 1.4–1.8 mm, deeply reticulate.

5, brown, 2.2–2.7 × 1.7–2.2 mm, rugose, pitted.

Commelina diffusa

Commelina dianthifolia

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Rocky soils
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; Pantropical
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from FNA
AZ; CO; NM; TX; Mexico
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The name Commelina nudiflora Linnaeus has been incorrectly used for this species.

Varieties 4 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Two varieties have been recognized: Commelina dianthifolia var. dianthifolia (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas), with the spathes gradually tapering into a long, acuminate apex, and C. dianthifolia var. longispatha (Torrey) Brashier (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico), with the spathes abruptly narrowed below the middle into a long, attentuate tip (C. K. Brashier 1966). Although most U.S. specimens are readily separable into these taxa, their ranges and ecologies overlap very broadly in Arizona and New Mexico. Until their variation in Mexico is studied, I can see no useful purpose in maintaining these varieties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blades 1.5–5(–8) × 0.5–1(–2.2) cm; medial anther connective with broad transverse violet band; capsules 5-seeded (occasionally less, by abortion)
var. diffusa
1. Leaf blades 6–14 × 1–3.3 cm; medial anther connective without dark band; capsules typically 1–2-seeded
var. gigas
Source FNA vol. 22. FNA vol. 22.
Parent taxa Commelinaceae > Commelina Commelinaceae > Commelina
Sibling taxa
C. benghalensis, C. caroliniana, C. communis, C. dianthifolia, C. erecta, C. forskaolii, C. gambiae, C. virginica
C. benghalensis, C. caroliniana, C. communis, C. diffusa, C. erecta, C. forskaolii, C. gambiae, C. virginica
Subordinate taxa
C. diffusa var. diffusa, C. diffusa var. gigas
Name authority Burman f.: Flora Indica. nec non Prodromus Florae Capensis 18, plate 7, fig. 2. (1768) Delile: in P. J. Redoute, Les Liliacees...a Paris 7(65): plate 390. (1812)
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