Commelina communis |
Commelina gambiae |
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Asiatic dayflower, comméline commune |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, erect to decumbent. | Herbs, annual, 10–30 cm. |
Roots | at proximal nodes. |
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Stems | diffusely branched. |
ascending to decumbent. |
Leaves | blade narrowly lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 5–12 × 1–4 cm, apex acute to acuminate. |
blade sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, 2–15 × 0.3–1 cm, glabrous or sparsely hirsute. |
Inflorescences | distal cyme usually vestigial, included, sometimes 1-flowered, exserted; spathes solitary, green, paler or whitish basally with contrasting, dark green veins, pedunculate, usually not falcate, 1.5–3(–3.5) × 0.8–1.3(–1.8) cm, margins distinct, scabrous, not ciliate, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous to puberulent; peduncles 0.8–3.5(–5) cm. |
proximal cyme ± 2-flowered, distal cyme absent; spathes solitary, whitish basally, pedunculate, usually slightly falcate, 0.9–2 × 0.4–1 cm, margins distinct, connate basally, apex acuminate, sparsely hirsute; peduncles 0.3–1.6 cm. |
Flowers | bisexual (rarely staminate); proximal petal paler or white, very reduced, distal petals blue to bluish purple; staminodes 3; antherodes yellow sometimes with central maroon spot, cruciform. |
bisexual, less than 1 cm wide; proximal sepals connate, forming cup; paired petals apricot- or peach-colored, proximal petal white, minute; staminodes 3; antherodes yellow, cruciform. |
Capsules | 2-locular, 2-valved, 4.5–8 mm. |
3-locular, 3-valved, 4–5.5 mm. |
Seeds | 4, brown, (2–)2.5–4.2 × 2.2–3 mm, rugose pitted-reticulate. |
5, brown, 1.9–2.7 × 2–2.4 mm, reticulate. |
2n | = 56. |
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Commelina communis |
Commelina gambiae |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering fall. |
Habitat | Weedy and waste places, edges of fields, woods, and marshes, often in thick herbaceous vegetation, occasionally in woods | Roadsides, pastures, and levees |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON; QC; native; Asia [Introduced in North America]
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FL; native; w Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Commelina communis var. ludens (Miquel) C. B. Clarke is distinguished by its darker flowers, antherodes with maroon centers (instead of entirely yellow), distalmost cyme less well developed and usually not producing a flower, and spathes proportionally broader. I have not found it possible to separate this regularly from C. communis var. communis, which also occurs in the flora. A variegated form of C. communis var. ludens, forma aureostriata MacKeever, occurs spontaneously and has been noted from Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, Texas, and Virginia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Commelina gambiae was first found in Florida in 1976 and is now recorded from five counties. Commelina nigratana var. nigritana, which is unknown outside of Africa, differs by having three one-seeded locules, the seeds each with two pits and lacking the reticulation. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 22, p. 193. | FNA vol. 22. |
Parent taxa | Commelinaceae > Commelina | Commelinaceae > Commelina |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. nigritana var. gambiae | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 40. (1753) | C. B. Clarke: in A. L. P. de Candolle and C. de Candolle, Monographiae Phanerogamarum 3: 146. (1881) |
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