Collinsia parviflora |
Collinsia |
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blue-eyed Mary, collinsia, few flower blue eyed Mary, maiden blue eyed Mary, small-flower blue-eyed-Mary, small-flower collinsia |
blue-eyed Mary, Chinese-houses, collinsia |
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Habit | Annuals 3–40 cm. | Herbs, annuals. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect to ascending. |
erect to ascending or decumbent, glabrous or hairy, often glandular. |
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Leaves | blades ± linear-lanceolate, obovate, or narrowly elliptic, margins subentire. |
cauline, opposite; petiole present on proximals, absent on distals; blade not fleshy (fleshy in C. callosa), not leathery, margins entire, sometimes toothed. |
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Inflorescences | glabrous or sparsely and finely glandular; proximal nodes 1-flowered, distals 3–5(–7)-flowered; flowers not crowded proximally, sometimes crowded distally; distalmost bracts linear, 5–6 mm. |
terminal, interrupted whorls or flowers solitary; bracts present. |
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Pedicels | ascending to reflexed, longer than calyx, visible. |
present; bracteoles present, distalmost sometimes absent. |
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Flowers | calyx lobes ± deltate, equal to capsule, apex sharply acute to acuminate; corolla blue, banner whitish or blue-tipped, 4–8 mm, glabrous; banner length 0.8–1 times wings, lobe base without folds; banner lobes and wings blue, sometimes purplish, oblong, 1(–3) mm wide; throat barely angled to tube, tube and throat white, narrowed to lips, pouch angular, ± hidden by calyx; stamens: filaments glabrous, basal spur 0. |
bisexual; sepals 5, connate, calyx bilaterally symmetric, urceolate or cup-shaped to campanulate, lobes deltate to ovate, inner face glabrous or white-hairy (C. antonina); corolla white, pink, purple, or blue with markings on adaxial lobes, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular to funnelform, tube base not spurred abaxially, ± saccate or gibbous (forming a prominent or obscure pouch) adaxially, lobes 5, abaxial 3, 2 as wings, middle lobe of abaxial lip (keel) folded lengthwise, enclosing stamens and styles, adaxial 2, distal portion spreading to reflexed (banner); stamens 4, adnate near base of throat, didynamous, included, filaments glabrous or hairy, spur 0 or 1; staminode 1, glandlike; ovary 2-loculed, placentation axile; stigma minutely 2-lobed. |
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Fruits | capsules, dehiscence septicidal and loculicidal. |
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Seeds | (3 or)4, oblong, 2–2.5 mm, margins thickened, inrolled. |
2–16, reddish brown, brown, or cinnamon red, oblong, ellipsoid, ovoid, or globular, rarely prismatic or hourglass-shaped, margins thickened and inrolled proximally, or thin and not inrolled, hollow near attachment to placenta, wings absent, rarely present. |
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x | = 7. |
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2n | = 14, 28, 42. |
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Collinsia parviflora |
Collinsia |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Forests, grasslands, meadows, eroded banks, bedrock depressions, scree slopes, shrublands, shaded shorelines. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–3500 m. (0–11500 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MA; MI; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; PA; SD; UT; VT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NS; ON; SK; YT
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North America; nw Mexico |
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Discussion | Collinsia parviflora is the closest relative of C. grandiflora and is primarily a plant of moist montane habitats with well-drained, rocky or sandy soil. However, it occurs in a wide range of habitats across its entire range. The species is also the most widespread taxon within Collinsia. Some plants from the western coastal ranges may be difficult to separate from C. grandiflora. Collinsia parviflora is frequently confused with C. wrightii. The corollas of C. wrightii are distinctly purplish; those of C. parviflora are bright blue. The acute to acuminate sepals of C. parviflora contrast with the blunt, rounded tips of sepals of C. wrightii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 21 (21 in the flora). The flowers in Collinsia resemble those of Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae. The two lobes of the adaxial corolla lip are partially connate and distally reflexed; these lobes, the banner, often contain taxon-specific markings. The three lobes of the abaxial lip are more complexly connate: the two lateral lobes are referred to as wings; the central lobe, the keel, is folded, curved along its distal portion, and concealed by the wings. The keel encloses the stamens, style, and stigma. In species with purple or blue corollas, some plants produce white or pink corollas. The frequency of such plants is usually very low in most species. The frequency of such plants in Collinsia heterophylla is much higher in the South Coast Ranges of California, and this trait appears to have reached fixation in some populations. In taxa that are conspicuously glandular, a reaction occurs when the glands are ruptured, either when handled roughly in the field or when pressed for preservation as a specimen. The ruptured glands will cause a stain that is initially iron yellow-orange and later becomes purplish. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 66. | FNA vol. 17, p. 62. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Collinsia | Plantaginaceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | C. grandiflora var. pusilla | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Lindley: Bot. Reg. 13: plate 1082. (1827) | Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1: 190, plate 9. (1817) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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