Clematis terniflora |
Clematis virginiana |
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sweet autumn clematis, sweet autumn virginsbower, yam-leaf clematis, yam-leaf virgin's-bower |
clématite de virginie, devil's darning needles, virgin's-bower, Virginia bower, Virginia virgin's-bower |
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Stems | climbing with tendril-like petioles and leaf rachises, 3-6 m. |
climbing, 2-7 m. |
Leaf | blade pinnately 3- or 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate or broadly lanceolate to narrowly deltate, to 6.5 × 3.5 cm, margins entire; surfaces abaxially glabrous or very sparingly appressed-strigose on major veins. |
blade 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, 3.5-9 × 1.5-7.5 cm, margins coarsely toothed to entire; surfaces abaxially sparsely to densely pilose, adaxially glabrate. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 3-12-flowered cymes or compound cymes or paniculate with cymose subunits. |
axillary, 3-many-flowered simple or compound cymes. |
Flowers | bisexual, often some unisexual (staminate) in same inflorescence; pedicel 1-3.5 cm, slender; sepals wide-spreading, not recurved, white, linear or elliptic to lanceolate or narrowly obovate, 0.9-2.2 cm, length ca. 2-3 times width, abaxially tomentose along margins, adaxially glabrous; stamens ca. 50; filaments glabrous; staminodes absent; pistils 5-10. |
unisexual; pedicel slender, 1-2 cm; sepals wide-spreading, not recurved, white to cream, elliptic or nearly oblong to oblanceolate, 6-14 mm, abaxially densely white-hairy, adaxially sparsely white-hairy; stamens ca. 30-50+; filaments glabrous; staminodes absent or fewer than stamens; pistils 40-70; beak nearly equaling sepals. |
Achenes | broad, flat, conspicuously rimmed, minutely appressed-silky, sometimes sparsely so; beak 2-6 cm. |
ovate, 2.5-3.5 × l.5 mm, conspicously rimmed, sparsely short-hairy; beak 2.5-5 cm. |
2n | = 16. |
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Clematis terniflora |
Clematis virginiana |
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Phenology | Flowering summer (Jul–Sep). | Flowering summer (Jun–Sep). |
Habitat | Roadsides, thickets, and other secondary sites, edges of woods near creeks | Streamsides, wet roadsides, fencerows, and other moist, disturbed, wooded or open sites, locally abundant |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; native to Asia (China, Korea, Japan) [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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Discussion | Clematis terniflora is commonly cultivated as an ornamental. It is widely naturalized in the eastern United States. The name C. paniculata J. F. Gmelin was incorrectly used for this species by Thunberg in 1794. Some authors have recognized two or more varieties in this species, correlated with their distribution in Asia, but in the study by H.Hara (1975), all of the varietal names were reduced to synonymy. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Clematis virginiana is the most frequent and widespread virgin's-bower in eastern North America. It is easily distinguished from C. catesbyana by the presence of three ovate leaflets. Native Americans used infusions prepared from the roots of Clematis virginiana medicinally to treat kidney ailments, and mixed them with milkweed to heal backaches and venereal sores. Decoctions of stems were ingested to induce strange dreams. In addition, the plant was used as an ingredient in green corn medicine (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Clematis > subg. Clematis | Ranunculaceae > Clematis > subg. Clematis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. dioscoreifolia, C. dioscoreifolia var. robusta, C. maximowicziana | C. canadensis, C. holosericea, C. missouriensis, C. virginiana var. missouriensis |
Name authority | de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 1: 137. (1817) | Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. I, 15. (1755) |
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