Clematis terniflora |
Clematis socialis |
|
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sweet autumn clematis, sweet autumn virginsbower, yam-leaf clematis, yam-leaf virgin's-bower |
Alabama leather-flower |
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Stems | climbing with tendril-like petioles and leaf rachises, 3-6 m. |
erect, not viny, 0.2-0.3(-0.5) m, glabrous or slightly pubescent, arising from horizontal, branching rhizomes and forming patches. |
Leaves | blade pinnately 3- or 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate or broadly lanceolate to narrowly deltate, to 6.5 × 3.5 cm, margins entire; surfaces abaxially glabrous or very sparingly appressed-strigose on major veins. |
proximal simple, blades unlobed or 2-3-lobed, distal blades 1-pinnate; leaflets and unlobed blades linear-elliptic to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, (3-)4-12(-15) × (0.3-)0.5-1(-1.5) cm, thin, not prominently reticulate; surfaces abaxially nearly glabrous to sparsely villous on veins, not glaucous. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 3-12-flowered cymes or compound cymes or paniculate with cymose subunits. |
terminal, flowers solitary; bracts absent. |
Flowers | bisexual, often some unisexual (staminate) in same inflorescence; pedicel 1-3.5 cm, slender; sepals wide-spreading, not recurved, white, linear or elliptic to lanceolate or narrowly obovate, 0.9-2.2 cm, length ca. 2-3 times width, abaxially tomentose along margins, adaxially glabrous; stamens ca. 50; filaments glabrous; staminodes absent; pistils 5-10. |
narrowly urn-shaped; sepals uniformly violet-blue, oblong-lanceolate, 2-2.5(-3) cm, margins narrowly expanded distally to about 1 mm wide, thin, crispate, proximally tomentose, tips spreading to recurved, acute to acuminate, abaxially sparsely puberulent. |
Achenes | broad, flat, conspicuously rimmed, minutely appressed-silky, sometimes sparsely so; beak 2-6 cm. |
bodies appressed-puberulent; beak 1.5-2.5 cm, appressed-puberulent. |
Clematis terniflora |
Clematis socialis |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (Jul–Sep). | Flowering spring–fall. |
Habitat | Roadsides, thickets, and other secondary sites, edges of woods near creeks | Openings in wet bottomland woods |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 200 m (700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; native to Asia (China, Korea, Japan) [Introduced in North America]
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AL |
Discussion | Clematis terniflora is commonly cultivated as an ornamental. It is widely naturalized in the eastern United States. The name C. paniculata J. F. Gmelin was incorrectly used for this species by Thunberg in 1794. Some authors have recognized two or more varieties in this species, correlated with their distribution in Asia, but in the study by H.Hara (1975), all of the varietal names were reduced to synonymy. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Clematis socialis, the only species of Clematis subg. Viorna in the flora with horizontal, patch-forming rhizomes, is known only from three small populations in St. Clair and Cherokee counties south of Ashville, in northeastern Alabama. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Clematis > subg. Clematis | Ranunculaceae > Clematis > subg. Viorna |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. dioscoreifolia, C. dioscoreifolia var. robusta, C. maximowicziana | |
Name authority | de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 1: 137. (1817) | Kral: Rhodora 84: 287. (1982) |
Web links |