Madrean springbeauty, Rocky Mountain Spring beauty, western springbeauty
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claytonia, miner's lettuce, spring beauty
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Plants perennial, with globose tubers 20–100 mm; periderm 5–10 mm. |
Herbs, usually annual or perennial, occasionally biennial in Claytonia rubra. |
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branched, capillary or fibrous. |
2–15 cm. |
subterranean stems tubers, rhizomes, or woody caudices, sometimes with multiple forms on single individuals (e.g., C. umbellata and C. tuberosa); aerial stems erect or decumbent; nodes glabrous. |
basal leaves sometimes absent, petiolate, blade linear to narrowly spatulate, 1–7 × 0.4–2 cm, apex acute to obtuse; cauline leaves petiolate, blade linear, 2–5 cm, apex acute to obtuse. |
basal and cauline, not articulate at base, somewhat to markedly clasping, attachment points linear; basal leaves few to several in rosettes, blade linear, lanceolate, oblanceolate, spatulate, trullate, rhomboid, ovate, or deltate, apex obtuse to apiculate; cauline leaves 2 and opposite, rarely 3 and whorled, distinct or partially or completely connate, or perfoliate, blade linear to ovate. |
multibracteate, rarely 1-bracteate; proximalmost bract leaflike, distal bracts reduced to membranous scales. |
terminal, racemose or umbellate, secund, bracteate; bracts leaflike or membranous and scalelike. |
8–14 mm diam.; sepals 3–5 mm; petals pink, rose, or magenta, 8–10 mm; ovules 6. |
showy; sepals persistent, leaflike, unequal; petals 5; stamens 5, adnate to petal bases; ovary globose, ovules 3 or 6; style 1; stigmas 3. |
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3-valved, longitudinally dehiscent from apex, valves not deciduous, margins hygroscopic, involute. |
2–3 mm, shiny and smooth; elaiosome 1–2 mm. |
(1–)3–6, black, rounded, shiny and smooth to tuberculate, with white elaiosome; seeds dispersed ballistically and by ants. |
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= 5, 6, 7, 8. |
= 16. |
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Flowering Feb–May. |
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Hillsides and mesas of montane ponderosa and Chihuahuan pine and oak belts |
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800-2400 m (2600-7900 ft) |
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AZ; CO; NM; UT; Mexico
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North America; (including Mexico); Central America (Guatemala); Asia; adventive in Europe and New Zealand A related species; Claytonia joanneana Roemer & Schultes; occurs in the Altai Mountains of Siberia and Mongolia |
Claytonia rosea is morphologically distinct from C. lanceolata based on early cytological and ecological study of the two species by D. K. Halleck and D. Wiens (1966) and the author’s review of type material. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 26 (25 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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1. Plants annual, sometimes biennial, with minute, tuberous bodies | → 2 |
1. Plants perennial, with stolons, rhizomes, tubers, or woody caudices | → 10 |
2. Inflorescences with 2-several bracts (rarely only 2); proximalmost bract leaflike, distal bracts leaflike or reduced to membranous scales | → 3 |
2. Inflorescence ebracteate or 1-bracteate; bract leaflike | → 5 |
3. Flowers 4-8 mm diam.; petals not candy-striped; basal leaf blades rhombic or ovate | C. washingtoniana |
3. Flowers 8-20 mm diam.; petals white, candy-striped, or pink; basal leaf blades linear to deltate | → 4 |
4. Cauline leaf blades linear; distal bracts reduced to membranous scales; seeds (1-)6 | C. arenicola |
4. Cauline leaf blades broad; distal bracts leaflike; seeds (1-)3 | C. sibirica |
5. Flowers 10-15 mm diam.; inflorescences ebracteate | C. saxosa |
5. Flowers 2-12 mm diam.; inflorescences 1-bracteate | → 6 |
6. Basal leaf blades usually trullate or rhombic to deltate, sometimes spatulate, less than 3 times longer than wide | → 7 |
6. Basal leaf blades usually linear, sometimes spatulate, blade much longer than wide | → 8 |
7. Basal rosettes flattened to suberect; leaf blades trullate, spatulate, or narrowly rhombic to ovate, apex obtuse, red pigmentation often strong even in juvenile plants | C. rubra |
7. Basal rosettes suberect to erect, seldom flattened; leaf blades broadly rhombic to deltate or reniform, apex obtuse to apiculate, red pigmentation often weak | C. perfoliata |
8. Seeds often smooth or with low tubercles, not pebbly; leaf blades not glau- cous, green or pink | C. parviflora |
8. Seeds often tuberculate and pebbly; leaf blades glaucous, gray, beige, or pink | → 9 |
| C. exigua |
| C. gypsophiloides |
10. Plants with tubers sometimes connected by rhizomes | → 11 |
10. Plants with rhizomes or woody caudices | → 19 |
11. Bracts 2 or more, distal bracts leaflike or reduced to membranous scales; cauline leaves often strongly tapered in basal 1/2 | → 12 |
11. Bracts 1 or absent, (rarely 2 in C. caroliniana); cauline leaves seldom tapered in no more than basal 1/4 | → 15 |
12. Bracts all leaflike; tubers napiform | C. ogilviensis |
12. Proximalmost bract leaflike, distal bracts reduced to membranous scales; tubers globose | → 13 |
13. Petals white with yellow blotch at base | C. tuberosa |
13. Petals white, pink, rose, magenta, cream, yellow, or yellow-orange, lacking yellow blotch at base | → 14 |
14. Petals pink, rose, or magenta | C. rosea |
14. Petals white, cream, yellow, or yellow-orange | C. multiscapa |
15. Bracts absent; petals pink to magenta | C. umbellata |
15. Bracts present; petals white, white with yellow blotch at base, yellow, orange, or candy-striped (sometimes pink, rose, or magenta in C. caroliniana, C. lanceolata, and C. virginica) | → 16 |
16. Cauline leaf blades linear, 0.2-1.2 cm wide, tapered to slender base | → 17 |
16. Cauline leaf blades lanceolate or spatulate to ovate, 0.4-2.5 cm wide, abruptly petiolate or sessile | → 18 |
17. Petals white, pinkish, or rose, candy-striped, rarely yellow or orange, or white with pink-lavender candy-stripes; e North America to Texas | C. virginica |
17. Petals white with yellow blotch at base; Alaska, Yukon | C. tuberosa |
18. Basal leaves 6-21; cauline leaves petiolate; e North America | C. caroliniana |
18. Basal leaves 1-6 or absent; cauline leaves sessile; w North American cordillera | C. lanceolata |
19. Plants with woody caudices | → 20 |
| → 22 |
20. Basal leaves and bracts with apex acute; petals white or pink to bright rose with yellow blotches at base, or white | C. acutifolia |
20. Basal leaves and bracts (where present) with apex obtuse; petals usually pink to magenta, sometimes yellow or white | → 21 |
21. Stems 1-10 cm; bracts absent; Alaska | C. arctica |
21. Stems 10-50 cm; bracts present; not in Alaska | C. megarhiza |
22. Bracts present; seeds (1-)3 | → 23 |
22. Bracts absent; seeds (1-)6 | → 24 |
23. Cauline leaves equal, sessile, blade lanceolate to ovate; basal leaf blades 1-5 cm wide | C. sibirica |
23. Cauline leaves unequal, petiolate, blade linear to spatulate; basal leaf blades 0.1-1 cm wide | C. palustris |
24. Rhizomes 0.5-3 mm diam.; Alaska, Yukon, n British Columbia | → 25 |
24. Rhizomes 4-8 mm diam.; w United States | → 26 |
25. Basal leaf baldes linear to narrowly spatualte, 1-10 × 0.1-1 cm | C. scammaniana |
25. Basal leaf blades elliptic to spatulate, 1-8 × 1-2 cm | C. sarmentosa |
26. Basal leaf blades deltate to ovate or cordate; cauline leaf blades 1-5 cm; petals white | C. cordifolia |
26. Basal leaf blades spatulate to rhombic or ovate; cauline leaf blades 0.5-2 cm; petals pink to magenta | C. nevadensis |
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FNA vol. 4, p. 472. |
FNA vol. 4, p. 465. Author: John M. Miller. |
Portulacaceae > Claytonia |
Portulacaceae |
C. acutifolia, C. arctica, C. arenicola, C. caroliniana, C. cordifolia, C. exigua, C. gypsophiloides, C. lanceolata, C. megarhiza, C. multiscapa, C. nevadensis, C. ogilviensis, C. palustris, C. parviflora, C. perfoliata, C. rubra, C. sarmentosa, C. saxosa, C. scammaniana, C. sibirica, C. tuberosa, C. umbellata, C. virginica, C. washingtoniana |
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C. acutifolia, C. arctica, C. arenicola, C. caroliniana, C. cordifolia, C. exigua, C. gypsophiloides, C. lanceolata, C. megarhiza, C. multiscapa, C. nevadensis, C. ogilviensis, C. palustris, C. parviflora, C. perfoliata, C. rosea, C. rubra, C. sarmentosa, C. saxosa, C. scammaniana, C. sibirica, C. tuberosa, C. umbellata, C. virginica, C. washingtoniana |
C. lanceolata var. rosea |
Belia, Limnia |
Rydberg: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 404. (1904) |
Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 204. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 96. (1754) |
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