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Indian lettuce, miner's-lettuce, miner's-lettuce spring-beauty, winter purslane

lanceleaf springbeauty, Rydberg's spring-beauty

Habit Plants annual, with minute, tuberous bodies; periderm absent. Plants perennial, with globose tubers 10–30 mm diam.; periderm 1–5 mm.
Stems

5–50 cm.

10–30 cm.

Leaves

basal leaves in suberect to erect, seldom flattened rosettes, petiolate, 1–30 cm, blade often with weak red pigmentation, broadly rhombic to deltate or reniform, 1–7 × 0.5–5(–6) cm, apex obtuse to apiculate, mucro 1–3 mm;

cauline leaves sessile, blade perfoliate or cleft or notched, 10 cm diam. or less.

basal leaves sometimes absent, petiolate, blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1–8 × 0.2–1.3 cm, apex acute;

cauline leaves sessile, blade linear or linear-lanceolate, 2–10 cm, distinctly tapered.

Inflorescences

1-bracteate;

bract leaflike, 0.5–15 mm.

multibracteate;

proximalmost bracts leaflike, inserted proximal to pedicels of proximalmost cluster of flowers, distal bracts reduced to membranous scales, rarely with 1 bract.

Flowers

3–10 mm;

sepals 1.5–4 mm;

petals pink or white, 2–5 mm;

ovules 3.

8–14 mm diam.;

sepals 3–5 mm;

petals white with yellow spots at base, creamy white, or rich yellow to yellow-orange, 8–10 mm;

ovules 6.

Seeds

2–5 mm, shiny and smooth;

elaiosome 1–3 mm.

1–2 mm diam., shiny and smooth to minutely tuberculate;

elaiosome 1 mm or less.

2n

= 12, 24, 36, 48, 60.

= 16.

Claytonia perfoliata

Claytonia multiscapa

Phenology Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Moist to dry grasslands and montane coniferous forests, often in swales with heavy, poorly drained clay soils in the south to wet, rocky tundra in the north
Elevation 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Central America (Guatemala); adventive in Europe; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; ID; MT; WA; WY; BC; Eurasia (Russia)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Claytonia multiscapa has been the source of taxonomic differences of opinion. Local floras have treated the synonymous C. flava as a distinct species (e.g., R. D. Dorn 1977) while one regional flora (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 2) united it with C. lanceolata. It is treated here as a distinct species based on the electrophoretic and field work of J. S. Shelly (1998) and the author’s examination of type material.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Basal leaf rosettes erect, 20-50 cm; cauline leaf pairs connate into perfoliate discs, blade margins entire; seeds 3-5 mm
subsp. perfoliata
1. Basal leaf rosettes suberect to flattened, 2-30 cm; cauline leaf pairs perfoliate, blade margins notched or deeply cleft; seeds 2-4 mm
→ 2
2. Basal leaf blades ovate to broadly rhombic, apex obtuse; leaf blades often beet red, gray-green, or purplish; epidermal gas pockets easily seen in field; seeds 3-4 mm
subsp. intermontana
2. Basal leaf blades deltate, apex apiculate; leaf blades mostly green; not beet red; epidermal gas pockets usually not visible (except in populations of California Transverse Ranges); seeds 2-3 mm
subsp. mexicana
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 472. FNA vol. 4, p. 470.
Parent taxa Portulacaceae > Claytonia Portulacaceae > Claytonia
Sibling taxa
C. acutifolia, C. arctica, C. arenicola, C. caroliniana, C. cordifolia, C. exigua, C. gypsophiloides, C. lanceolata, C. megarhiza, C. multiscapa, C. nevadensis, C. ogilviensis, C. palustris, C. parviflora, C. rosea, C. rubra, C. sarmentosa, C. saxosa, C. scammaniana, C. sibirica, C. tuberosa, C. umbellata, C. virginica, C. washingtoniana
C. acutifolia, C. arctica, C. arenicola, C. caroliniana, C. cordifolia, C. exigua, C. gypsophiloides, C. lanceolata, C. megarhiza, C. nevadensis, C. ogilviensis, C. palustris, C. parviflora, C. perfoliata, C. rosea, C. rubra, C. sarmentosa, C. saxosa, C. scammaniana, C. sibirica, C. tuberosa, C. umbellata, C. virginica, C. washingtoniana
Subordinate taxa
C. perfoliata subsp. intermontana, C. perfoliata subsp. mexicana, C. perfoliata subsp. perfoliata
Synonyms Montia perfoliata C. czukczorum, C. lanceolata var. flava, C. lanceolata var. multiscapa, C. lanceolata var. pacifica, C. tuberosa var. czukczorum
Name authority Donn ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2: 1186. (1798) Rydberg: Fl. Rocky Mts., 263, 1061. (1917)
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