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Indian lettuce, miner's-lettuce, miner's-lettuce spring-beauty, winter purslane

Carolina spring-beauty

Habit Plants annual, with minute, tuberous bodies; periderm absent. Plants perennial, with globose tubers 10–20 mm diam.; periderm 1–5 mm.
Stems

5–50 cm.

6–25 cm.

Leaves

basal leaves in suberect to erect, seldom flattened rosettes, petiolate, 1–30 cm, blade often with weak red pigmentation, broadly rhombic to deltate or reniform, 1–7 × 0.5–5(–6) cm, apex obtuse to apiculate, mucro 1–3 mm;

cauline leaves sessile, blade perfoliate or cleft or notched, 10 cm diam. or less.

basal leaves 6–21, petiolate, blade elliptic or spatulate, 3–5 × 1–3 cm;

cauline leaves abruptly petiolate, blade lanceolate to spatulate or ovate, 4–8 × 0.5–2.5 cm.

Inflorescences

1-bracteate;

bract leaflike, 0.5–15 mm.

1-bracteate (rarely with 2 bracts).

Flowers

3–10 mm;

sepals 1.5–4 mm;

petals pink or white, 2–5 mm;

ovules 3.

8–12 mm diam.;

sepals 3–5 mm;

petals white, pink, or candy-striped, 6–10 mm;

ovules 6.

Seeds

2–5 mm, shiny and smooth;

elaiosome 1–3 mm.

2–4 mm, shiny and smooth;

elaiosome 1–2 mm.

2n

= 12, 24, 36, 48, 60.

= 16, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 38.

Claytonia perfoliata

Claytonia caroliniana

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jun.
Habitat Wetlands and riparian hardwood forests
Elevation 0-1400 m (0-4600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Central America (Guatemala); adventive in Europe; Pacific Islands (New Zealand)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; GA; IA; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NY; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Basal leaf rosettes erect, 20-50 cm; cauline leaf pairs connate into perfoliate discs, blade margins entire; seeds 3-5 mm
subsp. perfoliata
1. Basal leaf rosettes suberect to flattened, 2-30 cm; cauline leaf pairs perfoliate, blade margins notched or deeply cleft; seeds 2-4 mm
→ 2
2. Basal leaf blades ovate to broadly rhombic, apex obtuse; leaf blades often beet red, gray-green, or purplish; epidermal gas pockets easily seen in field; seeds 3-4 mm
subsp. intermontana
2. Basal leaf blades deltate, apex apiculate; leaf blades mostly green; not beet red; epidermal gas pockets usually not visible (except in populations of California Transverse Ranges); seeds 2-3 mm
subsp. mexicana
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 472. FNA vol. 4, p. 467.
Parent taxa Portulacaceae > Claytonia Portulacaceae > Claytonia
Sibling taxa
C. acutifolia, C. arctica, C. arenicola, C. caroliniana, C. cordifolia, C. exigua, C. gypsophiloides, C. lanceolata, C. megarhiza, C. multiscapa, C. nevadensis, C. ogilviensis, C. palustris, C. parviflora, C. rosea, C. rubra, C. sarmentosa, C. saxosa, C. scammaniana, C. sibirica, C. tuberosa, C. umbellata, C. virginica, C. washingtoniana
C. acutifolia, C. arctica, C. arenicola, C. cordifolia, C. exigua, C. gypsophiloides, C. lanceolata, C. megarhiza, C. multiscapa, C. nevadensis, C. ogilviensis, C. palustris, C. parviflora, C. perfoliata, C. rosea, C. rubra, C. sarmentosa, C. saxosa, C. scammaniana, C. sibirica, C. tuberosa, C. umbellata, C. virginica, C. washingtoniana
Subordinate taxa
C. perfoliata subsp. intermontana, C. perfoliata subsp. mexicana, C. perfoliata subsp. perfoliata
Synonyms Montia perfoliata C. caroliniana var. lewisii, C. caroliniana var. spatulifolia
Name authority Donn ex Willdenow: Sp. Pl. 2: 1186. (1798) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 160. (1803)
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