Clarkia sect. Phaeostoma
Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
stipules present or absent.
axis recurved or erect;
buds pendent or erect.
floral tube obconic or campanulate, 1–5(–7) mm;
sepals reflexed together to 1 side (sometimes in pairs in C. epilobioides);
petals lavender, pink purplish, or white, obovate or spatulate to fan-shaped, unlobed or rarely 2-lobed, tapering to claw;
stamens 8, unequal, outer anthers darker pink or purple, inner shorter and pale pink or cream, rarely sterile (C. heterandra);
ovary 4- or 8-grooved or ribbed, or smooth (C. heterandra).
floral tube present or, rarely, absent;
sepals 2 or 4 (very rarely 3), deciduous with floral tube, petals, and stamens;
petals yellow, white, pink, red, rarely in combination.
narrowly cylindrical or subfusiform, or rarely broadly subclavate (indehiscent, nutlike capsule in C. heterandra), 4 or 8-grooved or smooth;
sessile or subsessile to long-pedicellate.
Clarkia sect. Phaeostoma
Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
Species 15 (15 in the flora).
Section Phaeostoma is the largest section in Clarkia, with the 15 species classified in seven subsections. For the most part, these correspond with groups delineated originally by H. Lewis and M. E. Lewis (1955). Within the part of the genus with dimorphic stamens (8 in 2 dissimilar sets that vary in size and color), the species of sect. Phaeostoma have entire petals that taper to a distinct claw. Even though molecular support for sect. Phaeostoma is not strong (R. A. Levin et al. 2004), at this time it seems preferable to stress similarities and maintain this variable group in one section.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Genera 21, species 582 (16 genera, 246 species in the flora).
Onagroideae encompass the main lineage of the family, after the early branching of Ludwigia (R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004). This large and diverse lineage is distinguished by the presence of a floral tube beyond the apex of the ovary; sepals deciduous with the floral tube, petals, and stamens; pollen shed in monads (or tetrads in Chylismia sect. Lignothera and all but one species of Epilobium); ovular vascular system exclusively transseptal (R. H. Eyde 1981); ovule archesporium multicellular (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996); and change in base chromosome number from x = 8 in Ludwigia to x = 10 or x = 11 at the base of Onagroideae (Raven 1979; Levin et al. 2003). Molecular work (Levin et al. 2003, 2004) substantially supports the traditional tribal classification (P. A. Munz 1965; Raven 1979, 1988); tribes are recognized to delimit major branches within the phylogeny of Onagroideae, where the branches comprise strongly supported monophyletic groups of one or more genera.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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