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purple clarkia, winecup clarkia, winecup fairyfan

gunsight clarkia, Xantus' clarkia

Stems

erect or rarely decumbent, to 100 cm, glabrous and sometimes glaucous or sparsely to densely puberulent, sometimes mixed with longer, spreading hairs.

erect, to 80 cm, glabrous, glaucous.

Leaves

petiole 0–2 mm;

blade linear or narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1.5–7 cm.

petiole 0–2 mm;

blade linear to lanceolate, 2–6 cm.

Inflorescences

open or dense racemes, axis straight;

buds erect.

open racemes, axis straight;

buds pendent.

Flowers

floral tube 2–10 mm;

sepals reflexed individually or in pairs;

corolla bowl-shaped, petals lavender to purple, purplish red, or dark wine-red, often with red or purple spot near middle, tip, or base, 9–25 mm;

stamens 8, subequal;

ovary 8-grooved, length less than 8 times width;

stigma as long as or exserted beyond anthers.

floral tube 2–5 mm;

sepals reflexed together to 1 side;

corolla rotate, petals lavender to reddish purple, lavender-pink, or white, often with white-surrounded dark reddish purple spot distally, clawed, 2-lobed, with slender central tooth, 1–3 mm, 6–20 mm;

stamens 8, in 2 unequal sets, outer anthers lavender to purple, inner smaller, paler;

ovary 8-grooved;

stigma exserted or not beyond anthers.

Capsules

10–30 mm, beak 0–2 mm.

15–25 mm;

pedicel 0–5 mm.

Seeds

brown or gray, 1–2 mm, scaly, crest 0.2 mm.

brown, 1.3–1.5 mm, tuberculate, crest minute.

Clarkia purpurea

Clarkia xantiana

Distribution
from USDA
w North America; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
California
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

Clarkia purpurea consists of a diverse assemblage of hexaploid populations and is almost certainly derived from multiple origins followed by hybridization and, perhaps, backcrossing to parental species. Three morphological forms are recognized as subspecies; intergrades are frequent.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Originally placed in the group now delimited as subsect. Phaeostoma by H. Lewis and M. E. Lewis (1955), Clarkia xantiana was treated as a monotypic subsect. Xantianae within sect. Phaeostoma by K. E. Holsinger (1985), based mainly on its unusual 2-lobed petals with a tooth in the sinus. Molecular data (R. A. Levin et al. 2004) placed C. xantiana close to C. bottae, and both of them close to but not within sect. Phaeostoma. Both species share the chromosome number 2n = 18 with C. jolonensis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaf blades broadly lanceolate to elliptic or ovate; inflorescences dense racemes.
subsp. purpurea
1. Leaf blades linear to lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate; inflorescences usually open racemes.
→ 2
2. Petals 15–25 mm; stigmas exserted beyond anthers.
subsp. viminea
2. Petals 9–14 mm; stigmas not exserted beyond anthers.
subsp. quadrivulnera
1. Petals 12–20 mm; stigmas exserted beyond anthers.
subsp. xantiana
1. Petals 6–12 mm; stigmas not exserted beyond anthers.
subsp. parviflora
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Godetia Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Fibula
Sibling taxa
C. affinis, C. amoena, C. arcuata, C. australis, C. biloba, C. borealis, C. bottae, C. breweri, C. concinna, C. cylindrica, C. davyi, C. delicata, C. dudleyana, C. epilobioides, C. exilis, C. franciscana, C. gracilis, C. heterandra, C. imbricata, C. jolonensis, C. lassenensis, C. lewisii, C. lingulata, C. mildrediae, C. modesta, C. mosquinii, C. prostrata, C. pulchella, C. rhomboidea, C. rostrata, C. rubicunda, C. similis, C. speciosa, C. springvillensis, C. stellata, C. tembloriensis, C. unguiculata, C. virgata, C. williamsonii, C. xantiana
C. affinis, C. amoena, C. arcuata, C. australis, C. biloba, C. borealis, C. bottae, C. breweri, C. concinna, C. cylindrica, C. davyi, C. delicata, C. dudleyana, C. epilobioides, C. exilis, C. franciscana, C. gracilis, C. heterandra, C. imbricata, C. jolonensis, C. lassenensis, C. lewisii, C. lingulata, C. mildrediae, C. modesta, C. mosquinii, C. prostrata, C. pulchella, C. purpurea, C. rhomboidea, C. rostrata, C. rubicunda, C. similis, C. speciosa, C. springvillensis, C. stellata, C. tembloriensis, C. unguiculata, C. virgata, C. williamsonii
Subordinate taxa
C. purpurea subsp. purpurea, C. purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera, C. purpurea subsp. viminea
C. xantiana subsp. parviflora, C. xantiana subsp. xantiana
Synonyms Oenothera purpurea, Godetia purpurea
Name authority (Curtis) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride: Bot. Gaz. 65: 64. (1918) A. Gray: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 146. (1859)
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