Clarkia purpurea |
Clarkia xantiana |
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purple clarkia, winecup clarkia, winecup fairyfan |
gunsight clarkia, Xantus' clarkia |
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Stems | erect or rarely decumbent, to 100 cm, glabrous and sometimes glaucous or sparsely to densely puberulent, sometimes mixed with longer, spreading hairs. |
erect, to 80 cm, glabrous, glaucous. |
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Leaves | petiole 0–2 mm; blade linear or narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1.5–7 cm. |
petiole 0–2 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, 2–6 cm. |
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Inflorescences | open or dense racemes, axis straight; buds erect. |
open racemes, axis straight; buds pendent. |
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Flowers | floral tube 2–10 mm; sepals reflexed individually or in pairs; corolla bowl-shaped, petals lavender to purple, purplish red, or dark wine-red, often with red or purple spot near middle, tip, or base, 9–25 mm; stamens 8, subequal; ovary 8-grooved, length less than 8 times width; stigma as long as or exserted beyond anthers. |
floral tube 2–5 mm; sepals reflexed together to 1 side; corolla rotate, petals lavender to reddish purple, lavender-pink, or white, often with white-surrounded dark reddish purple spot distally, clawed, 2-lobed, with slender central tooth, 1–3 mm, 6–20 mm; stamens 8, in 2 unequal sets, outer anthers lavender to purple, inner smaller, paler; ovary 8-grooved; stigma exserted or not beyond anthers. |
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Capsules | 10–30 mm, beak 0–2 mm. |
15–25 mm; pedicel 0–5 mm. |
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Seeds | brown or gray, 1–2 mm, scaly, crest 0.2 mm. |
brown, 1.3–1.5 mm, tuberculate, crest minute. |
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Clarkia purpurea |
Clarkia xantiana |
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Distribution |
w North America; nw Mexico
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California
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Discussion | Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). Clarkia purpurea consists of a diverse assemblage of hexaploid populations and is almost certainly derived from multiple origins followed by hybridization and, perhaps, backcrossing to parental species. Three morphological forms are recognized as subspecies; intergrades are frequent. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Originally placed in the group now delimited as subsect. Phaeostoma by H. Lewis and M. E. Lewis (1955), Clarkia xantiana was treated as a monotypic subsect. Xantianae within sect. Phaeostoma by K. E. Holsinger (1985), based mainly on its unusual 2-lobed petals with a tooth in the sinus. Molecular data (R. A. Levin et al. 2004) placed C. xantiana close to C. bottae, and both of them close to but not within sect. Phaeostoma. Both species share the chromosome number 2n = 18 with C. jolonensis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Godetia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Fibula | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Oenothera purpurea, Godetia purpurea | |||||||||||||
Name authority | (Curtis) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride: Bot. Gaz. 65: 64. (1918) | A. Gray: Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 146. (1859) | ||||||||||||
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