Clarkia mildrediae |
Clarkia heterandra |
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Mildred's clarkia |
California gaura, heterogaura, mountain clarkia |
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Stems | erect, to 100 cm, puberulent. |
erect, to 60 cm, glandular puberulent. |
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Leaves | petiole 15–40 mm; blade elliptic to ovate, 3–6 cm. |
petiole 5–20 mm; blade lanceolate to ovate, 2–8 cm. |
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Inflorescences | open racemes, axis recurved in bud, straight only 1–3 nodes distal to open flowers; buds pendent, tip acute. |
open racemes or panicles, axis straight; buds erect. |
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Flowers | floral tube 2–3 mm; sepals usually reflexed individually; corolla rotate, petals reddish purple, often darker flecked or spotted, narrowly obdeltate to suborbiculate, unlobed, 11–25 × 7–18 mm, length 1.4–1.6 times width; stamens 8, subequal, subtended by ciliate scales, anthers magenta or orange-red to yellow, pollen blue-gray or bright yellow to tan; ovary shallowly 4-grooved, puberulent; stigma exserted beyond anthers. |
sometimes autogamous; floral tube 1–2 mm; sepals reflexed together to 1 side; corolla rotate, petals elliptic to obovate, tapered to claw; stamens 8, unequal, anthers cream or light pink, inner ones smaller, sterile; ovary subglobose, grooves obscure; stigma not exserted beyond anthers. |
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Capsules | 20–30 mm; pedicel 0–5 mm. |
2–3 mm, indehiscent, nutlike; sessile or pedicellate (to 2 mm). |
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Seeds | brown or gray, 1.5–1.8 mm, scaly-echinate, crest 0.1 mm. |
1 or 2. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Clarkia mildrediae |
Clarkia heterandra |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Shady sites, woodlands, yellow-pine forests. | |||||
Elevation | 500–2000 m. (1600–6600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
California
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Clarkia mildrediae is closely related to, and may be derived from, C. borealis. Clarkia mildrediae subsp. lutescens is probably the direct ancestor of C. stellata. Clarkia mildrediae differs from C. borealis in petal color and inflorescence habit and from C. stellata in flower size and position of the stigma. On the basis of morphology, chromosome number and pairing, C. mildrediae appears to be one of the parents of the tetraploid species C. rhomboidea. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Clarkia heterandra occurs in southern Oregon and California, where it is known from the Klamath Ranges in Trinity County, widely in the Sierra Nevada and Tehachapi Mountain area from Nevada to Kern counties, and in the South Coast and Transverse Ranges from San Luis Obispo to Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Prior to 1986, Clarkia heterandra was treated as the monotypic genus Heterogaura, thought to be possibly related to the genus Gaura (now a section of Oenothera) due to its similar indehiscent fruits. However, molecular data indicate that C. heterandra is clearly within Clarkia, most closely related to C. dudleyana and C. unguiculata, which suggests a possible hybrid origin at the diploid level (K. J. Sytsma and L. D. Gottlieb 1986, 1986b; W. L. Wagner et al. 2007). Clarkia dudleyana and C. unguiculata produce spontaneous hybrids when grown adjacent to each other if they come from allopatric populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Myxocarpa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Phaeostoma > subsect. Heterogaura | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Phaeostoma mildrediae | Gaura heterandra, Heterogaura heterandra | ||||
Name authority | (A. Heller) H. Lewis & M. E. Lewis: Madroño 12: 34. (1953) | (Torrey) H. Lewis & P. H. Raven: Madroño 39: 163. (1992) | ||||
Web links |