FNA: Clarkia lingulata vs. Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae

	Clarkia lingulata	Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
	Merced clarkia
Stems	erect, to 60 cm, puberulent.
Leaves	petiole to 15 mm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2–6 cm.	stipules present or absent.
Flowers	floral tube 1–4 mm; sepals reflexed together to 1 side; corolla rotate, petals bright pink, red-flecked or not, oblanceolate, 10–20 mm, apex subentire or minutely notched; stamens 8, unequal, outer anthers lavender, inner smaller, paler.	floral tube present or, rarely, absent; sepals 2 or 4 (very rarely 3), deciduous with floral tube, petals, and stamens; petals yellow, white, pink, red, rarely in combination.
Capsules	10–20 mm.
Seeds	brown, 1 mm, minutely scaly to puberulent, crest inconspicuous.
Inflores	-cences open racemes, axis recurved at tip in bud; buds pendent.
xI> = 7, 10, 11, 15, 18.
2n	= 18.

	Clarkia lingulata	Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
Phenology	Flowering May–Jun.
Habitat	Open chaparral.
Elevation	400–500 m. (1300–1600 ft.)
Distribution	CA [BONAP county map]	North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Eurasia; Pacific Islands (New Zealand, Society Islands); Australia
Discussion	Clarkia lingulata is listed as endangered by the State of California, known from only a few populations in Merced River Canyon, Mariposa County. It is derived from C. biloba subsp. australis, from which it can be distinguished morphologically by its narrower, unlobed petals; the two taxa also differ in chromosome number, and form only highly sterile hybrids. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Genera 21, species 582 (16 genera, 246 species in the flora). Onagroideae encompass the main lineage of the family, after the early branching of Ludwigia (R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004). This large and diverse lineage is distinguished by the presence of a floral tube beyond the apex of the ovary; sepals deciduous with the floral tube, petals, and stamens; pollen shed in monads (or tetrads in Chylismia sect. Lignothera and all but one species of Epilobium); ovular vascular system exclusively transseptal (R. H. Eyde 1981); ovule archesporium multicellular (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996); and change in base chromosome number from x = 8 in Ludwigia to x = 10 or x = 11 at the base of Onagroideae (Raven 1979; Levin et al. 2003). Molecular work (Levin et al. 2003, 2004) substantially supports the traditional tribal classification (P. A. Munz 1965; Raven 1979, 1988); tribes are recognized to delimit major branches within the phylogeny of Onagroideae, where the branches comprise strongly supported monophyletic groups of one or more genera. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 10.	FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa	Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Phaeostoma > subsect. Lautiflorae	Onagraceae
Sibling taxa	C. affinis, C. amoena, C. arcuata, C. australis, C. biloba, C. borealis, C. bottae, C. breweri, C. concinna, C. cylindrica, C. davyi, C. delicata, C. dudleyana, C. epilobioides, C. exilis, C. franciscana, C. gracilis, C. heterandra, C. imbricata, C. jolonensis, C. lassenensis, C. lewisii, C. mildrediae, C. modesta, C. mosquinii, C. prostrata, C. pulchella, C. purpurea, C. rhomboidea, C. rostrata, C. rubicunda, C. similis, C. speciosa, C. springvillensis, C. stellata, C. tembloriensis, C. unguiculata, C. virgata, C. williamsonii, C. xantiana
Subordinate taxa
Name authority	H. Lewis & M. E. Lewis: Madroño 12: 35. (1953)	W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 41. (2007)
Web links	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae

Merced clarkia

Stems

erect, to 60 cm, puberulent.

Leaves

petiole to 15 mm;

blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2–6 cm.

stipules present or absent.

Flowers

floral tube 1–4 mm;

sepals reflexed together to 1 side;

corolla rotate, petals bright pink, red-flecked or not, oblanceolate, 10–20 mm, apex subentire or minutely notched;

stamens 8, unequal, outer anthers lavender, inner smaller, paler.

floral tube present or, rarely, absent;

sepals 2 or 4 (very rarely 3), deciduous with floral tube, petals, and stamens;

petals yellow, white, pink, red, rarely in combination.

Capsules

10–20 mm.

Seeds

brown, 1 mm, minutely scaly to puberulent, crest inconspicuous.

Inflores

-cences open racemes, axis recurved at tip in bud;

buds pendent.

xI> = 7, 10, 11, 15, 18.

= 18.

Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae

Phenology

Flowering May–Jun.

Habitat

Open chaparral.

Elevation

400–500 m. (1300–1600 ft.)

Distribution

[BONAP county map]

North America; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Eurasia; Pacific Islands (New Zealand, Society Islands); Australia

Discussion

Clarkia lingulata is listed as endangered by the State of California, known from only a few populations in Merced River Canyon, Mariposa County. It is derived from C. biloba subsp. australis, from which it can be distinguished morphologically by its narrower, unlobed petals; the two taxa also differ in chromosome number, and form only highly sterile hybrids.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 21, species 582 (16 genera, 246 species in the flora).

Onagroideae encompass the main lineage of the family, after the early branching of Ludwigia (R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004). This large and diverse lineage is distinguished by the presence of a floral tube beyond the apex of the ovary; sepals deciduous with the floral tube, petals, and stamens; pollen shed in monads (or tetrads in Chylismia sect. Lignothera and all but one species of Epilobium); ovular vascular system exclusively transseptal (R. H. Eyde 1981); ovule archesporium multicellular (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996); and change in base chromosome number from x = 8 in Ludwigia to x = 10 or x = 11 at the base of Onagroideae (Raven 1979; Levin et al. 2003). Molecular work (Levin et al. 2003, 2004) substantially supports the traditional tribal classification (P. A. Munz 1965; Raven 1979, 1988); tribes are recognized to delimit major branches within the phylogeny of Onagroideae, where the branches comprise strongly supported monophyletic groups of one or more genera.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 10.

Parent taxa

Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Phaeostoma > subsect. Lautiflorae

Onagraceae

Sibling taxa

C. affinis, C. amoena, C. arcuata, C. australis, C. biloba, C. borealis, C. bottae, C. breweri, C. concinna, C. cylindrica, C. davyi, C. delicata, C. dudleyana, C. epilobioides, C. exilis, C. franciscana, C. gracilis, C. heterandra, C. imbricata, C. jolonensis, C. lassenensis, C. lewisii, C. mildrediae, C. modesta, C. mosquinii, C. prostrata, C. pulchella, C. purpurea, C. rhomboidea, C. rostrata, C. rubicunda, C. similis, C. speciosa, C. springvillensis, C. stellata, C. tembloriensis, C. unguiculata, C. virgata, C. williamsonii, C. xantiana

Subordinate taxa

Name authority

H. Lewis & M. E. Lewis: Madroño 12: 35. (1953)

W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 41. (2007)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

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Clarkia lingulata

Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae

Clarkia lingulata

Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae