Clarkia heterandra |
Clarkia rhomboidea |
|
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California gaura, heterogaura, mountain clarkia |
common clarkia, diamond clarkia, diamond fairyfan, forest clarkia, rhombic petal clarkia, rhomboid farewell-to-spring, tongue clarkia |
|
Stems | erect, to 60 cm, glandular puberulent. |
erect, to 100 cm, puberulent. |
Leaves | petiole 5–20 mm; blade lanceolate to ovate, 2–8 cm. |
petiole 5–25 mm; blade lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1–6 cm. |
Inflorescences | open racemes or panicles, axis straight; buds erect. |
open racemes, axis in bud recurved 1–3 nodes distal to open flowers; buds pendent, narrowly obovoid, tip acute to obtuse, often curved to one side. |
Flowers | sometimes autogamous; floral tube 1–2 mm; sepals reflexed together to 1 side; corolla rotate, petals elliptic to obovate, tapered to claw; stamens 8, unequal, anthers cream or light pink, inner ones smaller, sterile; ovary subglobose, grooves obscure; stigma not exserted beyond anthers. |
floral tube 1–3 mm; sepals reflexed individually; corolla rotate, petals pinkish lavender, often with darker flecks, narrowly to broadly obovate or rhombic, sometimes ± 3-lobed, 6–12(–14) × 3–7 mm; stamens 8, subequal, subtended by ciliate scales, pollen blue-gray; ovary shallowly 4-grooved; stigma not or rarely exserted beyond anthers. |
Capsules | 2–3 mm, indehiscent, nutlike; sessile or pedicellate (to 2 mm). |
10–25 mm; pedicel 1–4 mm. |
Seeds | 1 or 2. |
brown, gray, or mottled, 1–1.5 mm, scaly-echinate, crest 0.1 mm, inconspicuous. |
2n | = 18. |
= 24. |
Clarkia heterandra |
Clarkia rhomboidea |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Shady sites, woodlands, yellow-pine forests. | Yellow-pine forests, woodlands. |
Elevation | 500–2000 m. (1600–6600 ft.) | 0–3000 m. (0–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Clarkia heterandra occurs in southern Oregon and California, where it is known from the Klamath Ranges in Trinity County, widely in the Sierra Nevada and Tehachapi Mountain area from Nevada to Kern counties, and in the South Coast and Transverse Ranges from San Luis Obispo to Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Prior to 1986, Clarkia heterandra was treated as the monotypic genus Heterogaura, thought to be possibly related to the genus Gaura (now a section of Oenothera) due to its similar indehiscent fruits. However, molecular data indicate that C. heterandra is clearly within Clarkia, most closely related to C. dudleyana and C. unguiculata, which suggests a possible hybrid origin at the diploid level (K. J. Sytsma and L. D. Gottlieb 1986, 1986b; W. L. Wagner et al. 2007). Clarkia dudleyana and C. unguiculata produce spontaneous hybrids when grown adjacent to each other if they come from allopatric populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Clarkia rhomboidea is a tetraploid derived from C. mildrediae and C. virgata or a closely related species. The six diploid species in sect. Myxocarpa closely related to C. rhomboidea (C. australis, C. borealis, C. mildrediae, C. mosquinii, C. stellata, and C. virgata) are California endemics with relatively small areas of distribution, whereas C. rhomboidea occurs throughout much of the western United States and is morphologically much more variable. Clarkia rhomboidea characteristically has relatively small, self-pollinating flowers with the stigma in contact with the anthers. Among the diploid species only C. stellata has similar small, self-pollinating flowers but is distinguished by yellow pollen and petals with a shallowly 3-lobed blade that is not flecked. Rare populations of C. rhomboidea have relatively large flowers with the stigma exserted beyond the anthers. When they occur within the geographical range of the outcrossing diploid species, they may be difficult to distinguish without determining chromosome number. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Phaeostoma > subsect. Heterogaura | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Myxocarpa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura heterandra, Heterogaura heterandra | |
Name authority | (Torrey) H. Lewis & P. H. Raven: Madroño 39: 163. (1992) | Douglas in W. J. Hooker: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 214. (1832) |
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