Clarkia epilobioides |
Clarkia borealis |
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canyon clarkia, willow-herb clarkia |
northern clarkia |
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Stems | erect, 20–70 cm, sparsely puberulent. |
erect, to 100 cm, puberulent. |
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Leaves | petiole to 7 mm; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1.5–2.5 cm. |
petiole 15–40 mm; blade elliptic to ovate, 2–6 cm. |
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Inflorescences | open racemes, sometimes few-branched, axis recurved at tip in bud; buds pendent. |
open racemes, axis recurved only at tip in bud, straight 4+ nodes distal to open flowers; buds pendent, fusiform, base slightly swollen, tip acute. |
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Flowers | usually cleistogamous; floral tube 1–3 mm; sepals reflexed together to 1 side or in pairs; corolla bowl-shaped, petals fading pink, obovate; stamens 8, unequal, anthers white or cream, outer ones larger than inner. |
floral tube 2–4 mm; sepals reflexed individually; corolla rotate, petals lavender-pink, often dark-flecked, obdeltate to suborbiculate, unlobed, 13–19 ×7–12 mm, length 1.6–2 times width; stamens 8, subequal, subtended by ciliate scales, pollen blue-gray; ovary shallowly 4-grooved, puberulent; stigma exserted beyond anthers. |
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Capsules | 10–30 mm; pedicel 5–11 mm. |
20–30 mm; pedicel 0–3 mm. |
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Seeds | brown, 0.5–1 mm, scaly, crest inconspicuous. |
light brown or mottled with dark spots, 1.5–2.5 mm, minutely tuberculate, crest 0.2 mm. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Clarkia epilobioides |
Clarkia borealis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May. | |||||
Habitat | Shady sites, woodlands, chaparral. | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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California |
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Discussion | Clarkia epilobioides is known from south-central Arizona in Gila, Maricopa, Pima, and Pinal counties, and widely in west-central and southwestern California and adjacent Baja California, Mexico. In California, it occurs from Contra Costa and San Mateo counties in the San Francisco Bay area to San Diego County in the south, including most of the Channel Islands. Clarkia epilobioides is modally self-pollinating, and up to half of its flowers do not open, yet set a full complement of seeds (H. Lewis and M. E. Lewis 1955). However, outcrossing does occur, and C. epilobioides is one of the parents of the tetraploid species C. similis, from which it differs by having white, unflecked petals; it is also one of the parents of the tetraploid C. delicata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Clarkia borealis is closely related, and possibly ancestral, to C. mildrediae. The two species can be distinguished most readily by the degree of curvature of the inflorescence and the petal color. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Phaeostoma > subsect. Micranthae | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Clarkia > sect. Myxocarpa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Oenothera epilobioides, Godetia epilobioides | |||||
Name authority | (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride: Bot. Gaz. 65: 60. (1918) | E. Small: Canad. J. Bot. 49: 1215, figs. 2B, 3A,B. (1971) | ||||
Web links |