Claopodium bolanderi |
Leskeaceae |
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Bolander's claopodium moss |
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Habit | Plants to 6 cm, in thin mats, green to yellow-green. | Plants in mats or patches, green, golden green, brown-green, or blackish, rarely with orange or red tinge. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stem(s) | irregularly branched, smooth; paraphyllia, when present, squamiform. |
and branch leaves usually similar, rarely differentiated.; stem leaves appressed to erect when dry, erect to erect-spreading or rarely squarrose when moist, ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, symmetric or sometimes asymmetric, not to distinctly plicate on either side of costa; margins plane to recurved, entire to serrate distally, limbidium absent or rarely present; apex broadly rounded, acute, or acuminate; ecostate to costa percurrent, sometimes 2-fid, occasionally sinuate distally; alar cells shorter than laminal cells, isodiametric to transversely elongate, region usually distinct; laminal cells isodiametric to elongate-rhomboidal or linear-fusiform, often prosenchymatous, sometimes obscure or opaque, smooth, papillose over lumen, or prorulose distally, walls thin to usually firm or thick, rarely pitted. |
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Leaves | ovate, to 1.6 mm; margins serrate, limbidium indistinctly present; apex long, narrow, hair-point present; costa ending before apex, abaxial surface smooth; distal medial laminal cells short, isodiametric, 6–8 µm, multipapillose. |
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Branch leaves | often smaller; apex sometimes less acute; costa weaker. |
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Seta | 1–1.5 cm, rough. |
elongate, thin, straight or somewhat curved, often twisted. |
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Sexual condition | dioicous or autoicous; perigonia budlike, on primary stems; perichaetial leaves on primary stems or rarely secondary branches, differentiated, opaque to translucent, apex longer, more acuminate than stem and branch leaves, costa short to excurrent. |
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Capsule | inclined to horizontal, broadly oval to suborbicular, 1.2–1.8 mm; operculum long-rostrate. |
erect to horizontal, long-exserted, oblong to pyriform, symmetric to asymmetric-curved, smooth; stomata absent or present, phaneropore; annulus absent or present; operculum conic, short- to long-rostrate; peristome double, perfect to variously reduced; exostome teeth lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, lamellae present, sometimes faint or absent, striolate to densely papillose; endostome basal membrane low to high, free or sometimes adherent to exostome at base, segments broad and keeled to linear, sometimes absent, cilia well developed to rudimentary or absent. |
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Calyptra | usually cucullate, small, fugacious, usually smooth. |
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Spores | 12–15 µm, smooth. |
smooth to variously roughened. |
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Specialized | asexual reproduction rarely present, of clustered flagelliform branchlets in axils of distal branch leaves. |
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Claopodium bolanderi |
Leskeaceae |
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Habitat | Rock, soil over rock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | moderate to high elevations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; AB; BC; e Asia (Russia [Commander Islands])
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Nearly worldwide except Antarctica |
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Discussion | Genera ca. 18, species ca. 80 (9 genera, 28 species in the flora). Leskeaceae is a heterogeneous family, with genera exhibiting widely divergent morphologies, and with some taxa more closely related to Anomodontaceae, Pterigynandraceae, and Thuidiaceae (J. R. Spence 1996). Recent molecular studies confirm this phylogenetic heterogeneity (A. M. Gardiner et al. 2005; M. S. Ignatov et al. 2006; D. García-Avila et al. 2009), and suggest that there are at least three distinct groups of core genera, centered around Lescuraea, Leskea, and Pseudoleskeella, respectively. Although there is some merit in recognizing Pseudoleskeaceae, following W. P. Schimper, for Lescuraea, Pseudoleskea, Ptychodium, and Rigodiadelphus, this does not solve the problem of where to place Pseudoleskeella. Morphological and molecular evidence also suggests that Claopodium is near Anomodon, and Leptopterigynandrum near Heterocladium. On the other hand, core Leskeaceae, including Haplocladium, Leskea, and Lindbergia, are phylogenetically closer to Thuidiaceae than to the Pseudoleskeaceae group. A. Vanderpoorten et al. (2003b) have shown that Platylomella, currently in Amblystegiaceae, may be close to the Leskeaceae-Thuidiaceae clade, although its correct placement remains unresolved. The original concepts of Leskeaceae and Thuidiaceae, based on sporophyte characters (W. R. Buck and H. A. Crum 1990), are not supported by either gametophyte morphology or molecular data (Spence; Gardiner et al.). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 28, p. 344. | FNA vol. 28, p. 340. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Leskeaceae > Claopodium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Best: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 431. (1897) | Schimper | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |