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dune thistle, Pitcher's thistle, sand-dune thistle

Habit Biennials or short-lived monocarpic perennials, 20–100 cm; taproots long.
Stems

1 or few, erect, densely gray-tomentose;

branches 0 to several, ascending to spreading.

Leaves

blades elliptic to obovate, 10–30 × 8–14 cm, deeply divided nearly to midveins, lobes ascending to spreading, linear, remote, margins revolute, entire or minutely spinulose, main spines 1–2 mm, faces gray-tomentose, more densely so abaxially;

basal present or withered at flowering, petiolate;

principal cauline well distributed, bases decurrent as linear-lobed to spiny wings 1–3 cm;

distal cauline well developed.

Peduncles

0–5 cm.

Involucres

ovoid to campanulate, 2–3 × 2–3 cm, loosely arachnoid on phyllary margins or glabrate.

Corollas

dull white or pinkish-tinged (rarely rich purple), 20–30 mm, tubes 8.5–15 mm, throats 4.5–10 mm, lobes 3–8 mm;

style tips 3.5–5.5 mm.

Phyllaries

in 6–8 series, imbricate, ovate-lanceolate (outer) to linear-lanceolate (inner), abaxial faces with narrow glutinous ridge;

outer and middle appressed, acute, spines ascending to spreading, slender, 1–2(–3) mm;

apices of inner often flexuous, flattened, spineless, scabrid.

Heads

1–20+ in corymbiform arrays.

Cypselae

light brown, sometimes with darker streaks, 6–7.5 mm, apical collars lighter colored, very narrow;

pappi 15–30 mm, usually noticeably shorter than corolla.

2n

= 34.

Cirsium pitcheri

Phenology Flowering spring–summer (May–Sep).
Habitat Sand dunes and beaches
Elevation 180–200 m (600–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
IL; IN; MI; WI; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cirsium pitcheri is endemic to beach and dune habitats around lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior. It has been extirpated from portions of its former range at the southern end of Lake Michigan. It is threatened by foot traffic, off-road vehicular activity, and clearing and development of beachside habitats. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 19, p. 122.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Cirsium
Sibling taxa
C. altissimum, C. andersonii, C. andrewsii, C. arizonicum, C. arvense, C. barnebyi, C. brevifolium, C. brevistylum, C. canescens, C. carolinianum, C. ciliolatum, C. clavatum, C. crassicaule, C. cymosum, C. discolor, C. douglasii, C. drummondii, C. eatonii, C. edule, C. engelmannii, C. flodmanii, C. foliosum, C. fontinale, C. grahamii, C. helenioides, C. hookerianum, C. horridulum, C. hydrophilum, C. inamoenum, C. joannae, C. kamtschaticum, C. lecontei, C. longistylum, C. mohavense, C. muticum, C. neomexicanum, C. nuttallii, C. occidentale, C. ochrocentrum, C. ownbeyi, C. palustre, C. parryi, C. perplexans, C. praeteriens, C. pulcherrimum, C. pumilum, C. quercetorum, C. remotifolium, C. repandum, C. rhothophilum, C. rydbergii, C. scariosum, C. texanum, C. tracyi, C. turneri, C. undulatum, C. vinaceum, C. virginianum, C. vulgare, C. wheeleri, C. wrightii
Synonyms Cnicus pitcheri
Name authority (Torrey ex Eaton) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 2: 456. (1843)
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