Cirsium palustre |
Cirsium kamtschaticum |
|
---|---|---|
cirse ou chardon des marais, European Marsh thistle, European swamp or marsh thistle, European swamp thistle, marsh thistle |
Kamchatka thistle |
|
Habit | Biennials or monocarpic perennials, 30–200(–300) cm; clusters of fibrous roots. | Perennials, 25–200 cm; rhizomes stout. |
Stems | single, erect, villous to tomentose with jointed trichomes, distally tomentose with fine, unbranched trichomes; branches 0–few, ascending, (short). |
single, erect, ± glabrous to variably tomentose with coarse, jointed, multicellular trichomes and/or fine smooth trichomes; branches 0–few, ascending. |
Leaves | blades narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 15–30+ × 3–10 cm, margins shallowly to very deeply pinnatifid, narrow lobes separated by broad sinuses, spiny-dentate to lobed, main spines 2–6 mm, abaxial villous to tomentose with jointed trichomes, sometimes also thinly tomentose with fine unbranched trichomes, adaxial faces villous with septate trichomes or glabrate; basal often present at flowering, petioles spiny-winged, bases tapered; cauline many, sessile, gradually reduced and becoming widely spaced above, bases long-decurrent with prominently spiny wings; distal cauline deeply pinnatifid with few-toothed spine-tipped lobes. |
blades broadly elliptic to obovate, 15–40 × 7–15 cm, subentire to coarsely pinnatifid 1/2–2/3 length to midveins, lobes few, lanceolate to triangular-ovate, shallowly lobed or dentate, main spines bristlelike, fine, innocuous, 3–6 mm, abaxial glabrous to villous with septate trichomes or thinly tomentose with jointed trichomes, adaxial faces glabrous or loosely tomentose along midveins; basal usually absent at flowering, winged-petiolate, ciliate with fine, flexible spines to 8 mm; principal cauline well distributed, little reduced, bases broadly tapered to clasping, short-decurrent; distalmost moderately reduced. |
Peduncles | 0–1 cm. |
0–1 cm. |
Involucres | ovoid to campanulate, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1.3 cm, thinly cobwebby tomentose with fine unbranched trichomes. |
hemispheric to broadly campanulate, 1.5–2 × 2–3.5 cm, ± densely arachnoid. |
Style | tips 3–4 mm. |
|
Corollas | lavender to purple (white), 11–13 mm, tubes 5–7 mm, throats 2–3 mm, lobes 3–4.5 mm; style tips 1.5–2 mm. |
pink to purple, 16–17 mm, tubes 8–9 mm, throats 3–4 mm, lobes 4–5 mm. |
Phyllaries | in 5–7 series, strongly imbricate, greenish, or with purplish tinge, lanceolate to ovate (outer) or linear-lanceolate (inner), margins thinly arachnoid-ciliate, abaxial faces with narrow glutinous ridge, outer and middle appressed, entire, apices acute, mucronate or spines erect or spreading, weak, 0.3–1 mm; apices of inner phyllaries purplish, linear-attenuate, scarious, flat. |
in 5–7 series, subequal, green or tinged purple, linear or linear-lanceolate, abaxial faces without glutinous ridge, outer and middle erect or outer spreading, entire, apices long-acuminate, spines 0–2 mm; apices of inner phyllaries straight or flexuous, flat. |
Heads | few–many in dense clusters at branch tips. |
1–few, in spiciform or subcapitate arrays. |
Cypselae | tan to stramineous, 2.5–3.5 mm, apical collars 0.1–0.2 mm, shiny; pappi 9–11 mm. |
brown, 4 mm, apical collars not well differentiated; pappi 12–15 mm. |
2n | = 34. |
= 68 (Japan). |
Cirsium palustre |
Cirsium kamtschaticum |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (Jul–Aug). | Flowering summer (Jul–Sep). |
Habitat | Marshes, wet forests | Meadows and tundra |
Elevation | 10–800 m (0–2600 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
MA; MI; NH; NY; WI; BC; NF; NS; ON; QC; SPM; Europe [Introduced in North America]
|
AK; Asia (Japan, Siberia) |
Discussion | Cirsium palustre is a noxious weed, native to Europe, that invasively spreads through wetland communities, forming impenetrable spiny stands as it displaces native species. The range of this pernicious weed in North America is rapidly expanding. It has the potential to spread into boreal forest areas across the continent; in Europe it grows nearly to the Arctic Circle. The rapid spread of C. palustre in Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 3) is indicative of its invasiveness. Spontaneous hybrids between C. palustre and C. arvense have been reported from England and other European countries (W. A. Sledge 1975) and can be expected wherever these species grow together in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cirsium kamtschaticum grows in the western Aleutian Islands, eastern Siberia, Sahkalin, the Kurile Islands and northern Japan (Hokkaido). It is one of only two species of the genus that have native populations in the Old World and the flora area. Neither reaches the North American mainland. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 110. | FNA vol. 19, p. 111. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Cirsium | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Cirsium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Carduus palustris | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Scopoli: Fl. Carniol. ed. 2, 2: 128. (1772) | Ledebour ex de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 6: 644. (1838) |
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