Cirsium fontinale |
Cirsium longistylum |
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fountain thistle |
long-style thistle |
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Habit | Perennials monocarpic, 40–150 cm; taprooted. | |||||||||
Stems | 1–several, erect, loosely arachnoid-tomentose, glandular-pilose; branches several to many, spreading. |
usually 1, erect, less commonly several, ascending, simple to sparingly short-branched in distal 1/2, less commonly openly branched, villous with jointed trichomes; branches on distal stems 0–many, short, ascending. |
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Leaves | blades oblanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 20–70 × 5–16 cm, strongly undulate, shallowly to deeply pinnatifid, lobes coarsely toothed or with triangular secondary lobes, main spines 3–15 mm, abaxial faces more densely tomentose, adaxial densely glandular with short, multicellular trichomes and ± tomentose with fine, arachnoid, non-septate trichomes; basal often present at flowering, petiolate; principal cauline well distributed, becoming sessile, gradually reduced distally, bases auriculate-decurrent with broad, spiny-margined wings 3 cm or less; distal cauline leaves progressively reduced, ± bractlike. |
blades linear to oblong or elliptic, 10–30+ × 1–10 cm, margins flat to undulate, subentire to coarsely dentate or shallowly to deeply pinnatifid, lobes lance-oblong to broadly triangular, spinulose to spiny-dentate or shallowly lobed, main spines 3–12 mm, abaxial faces green and subglabrous to gray- or white-tomentose with felted arachnoid trichomes, ± villous to tomentose along major veins with septate trichomes, rarely glabrous or glabrate, adaxial ± green, glabrous or villous with septate trichomes; basal often present at flowering, spiny winged-petiolate or sessile; principal cauline well distributed, proximally winged-petiolate, distally sessile, gradually reduced, bases sometimes short-decurrent (0–2 cm); distal ± reduced, often narrower than the proximal, sometimes with non-pigmented bases. |
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Peduncles | 0–7 cm. |
0–15+ cm. |
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Involucres | (green to purple), hemispheric or campanulate, 1.5–3 × 2–5 cm, glabrous or puberulent. |
(green), broadly ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, loosely villous with septate trichomes, sparingly if at all arachnoid. |
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Corollas | white to pinkish or lavender, 14.5–22 mm, tubes 5–8 mm, throats 4.5–9 mm, lobes 3–8 mm; style tips 2.5–4.5 mm. |
white, ochroleucous, 19–23 mm, tubes 6.5–8.5 mm, throats 7.5–11 mm, lobes 4–5 mm; style tips 4–5.5 mm, conspicuously exserted. |
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Phyllaries | in 6–10 series, imbricate, ovate to lanceolate, abaxial faces without glutinous ridge; outer and mid bases appressed, short, bodies entire to erose or ciliolate (rarely outer spine-margined), apices spreading to recurved or reflexed, long, dilated, adaxially puberulent, spines 1–6 mm; apices of inner erect or reflexed, flattened or tipped with short spines. |
in 4–8 series, subequal, ± lanceolate, bases appressed, apices ascending, linear to broadly expanded, erose to lacerate or spiny-fringed, spines straight, slender, 2–3 mm, abaxial faces with or without narrow glutinous ridge; apices of inner flexuous, sometimes expanded and erose. |
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Heads | few–many, ± nodding, in paniculiform or corymbiform arrays, bracts leafy or much reduced. |
several–many, erect, usually in racemiform or spiciform arrays, usually closely subtended by clustered ± leafy bracts. |
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Cypselae | brownish, 3.4–5 mm, apical collars tan; pappi 12–15 mm. |
brown, 5.5–6.5 mm, apical collars not differentiated; pappi 17–20 mm. |
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Monocarpic | perennials, 50–220 cm; woody tap-rooted caudices with numerous coarse, fibrous lateral roots, sometimes forming new rosettes from root sprouts. |
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2n | = 34. |
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Cirsium fontinale |
Cirsium longistylum |
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Phenology | Flowering summer (Jun–Aug). | |||||||||
Habitat | Moist soil, roadsides, meadows, forest edges and openings | |||||||||
Elevation | 1500–2400 m (4900–7900 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
c Calif
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MT |
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Cirsium longistylum is endemic to the Big Belt, Castle, Elkhorn, and Little Belt ranges of west-central Montana. It is highly variable, and several authors have suggested that it has introgressed with one or more other species (R. J. Moore and C. Frankton 1963; J. M. Poole and B. L. Heidel 1993; S. J. Brunsfeld and C. T. Baldwin, unpubl.). It is closely related to C. hookerianum, and the two probably share a common ancestry or a history of hybrid interactions dating back to the Pleistocene. Cirsium longistylum is perhaps also affected by modern or historic introgression involving C. scariosum var. scariosum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 161. | FNA vol. 19, p. 149. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Cirsium | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Cirsium | ||||||||
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Synonyms | Cnicus fontinalis | |||||||||
Name authority | (Greene) Jepson: Fl. W. Calif., 505. (1901) | R. J. Moore & Frankton: Canad. J. Bot. 41: 1562, plate 1. (1963) | ||||||||
Web links |