Cirsium andersonii |
Cirsium virginianum |
|
---|---|---|
Anderson's thistle, rose thistle |
Virginia thistle |
|
Habit | Perennials (but often appearing biennial), (15–)40–70(–100) cm; rootstocks producing erect, taprooted caudices and rosettes. | Biennials or perennials, 60–150(–200) cm; crown sprouts from cluster of fibrous roots, these often tuberous-thickened. |
Stems | usually 1, erect, subglabrous to puberulent and/or tomentose; branches 0–several, stiffly ascending. |
usually single, erect, thinly appressed-tomentose, ± glabrate in age; branches 0–few in distal 1/3, ascending. |
Leaves | blades ± elliptic, 8–35 × 4–8 cm, divided about halfway to midveins, lobes spreading, triangular, coarsely dentate or with a few broad lobes, obtuse to acute, main spines 1–5 mm, abaxial faces green or gray, thinly tomentose, adaxial green and glabrous to sparingly pilose; basal often present at flowering, spiny winged-petiolate; main cauline reduced distally, bases clasping; distal much reduced, linear-oblong, usually less deeply lobed and often spinier than proximal. |
very numerous, firm-textured, blades 3–15 cm, thick, ± rigid, linear or linear-elliptic, 0.5–2 cm wide and spinulose, or narrowly ovate, 2–4 cm wide, deeply lobed, lobes remote, spreading, separated by broad sinuses, few toothed or lobed, margins often revolute, main spines slender, 3–5(–9) mm, abaxial faces white-tomentose, adaxial green, glabrous or thinly tomentose; basal usually absent at flowering, winged-petiolate; proximal cauline usually absent at flowering, well separated, winged-petiolate; middle and distal numerous (30–70+), sessile, well distributed, gradually reduced distally, bases tapered, not decurrent; distal linear, entire or few lobed, ca. 1 cm. |
Peduncles | 0–20 cm. |
10–15 cm (not overtopped by distal leaves). |
Involucres | broadly cylindric to narrowly campanulate, 3–5 × 2–4 cm, loosely arachnoid or ± glabrous, finely short-ciliate. |
ovoid to cylindric or narrowly campanulate, 1.7–2.4 × 1–2 cm, glabrous or outer phyllaries very thinly tomentose. |
Corollas | red to reddish purple, 30–45 mm, tubes 10–20 mm, throats 10–16 mm, lobes 9–11 mm; style tips 3.5–5 mm. |
purple, 21–26 mm, tubes 8.5–11 mm, throats 6–8 mm (noticeably wider than tubes), lobes 4–8 mm; style tips 3.5–5 mm. |
Phyllaries | in 6–8 series, imbricate, outer green, inner purple to red, linear-lanceolate (outer) to linear (inner), abaxial faces without glutinous ridge; outer and mid bodies short, appressed, entire or spinulose-ciliate, apices long-spreading to ascending, entire or spinulose-ciliate or rarely with expanded, fringed appendages, spines straight, weak, 1–3 mm; apices of inner red to purple, straight or rarely twisted, long, flat, entire. |
in 8–13 series, strongly imbricate, light green to brownish with dark apices, ovate (outer) to narrowly linear-elliptic (inner), abaxial faces with evident, narrow glutinous ridge; outer and middle appressed, bodies entire, apices erect or spreading, muticous to short-spinose, spines ascending to spreading, weak, 1–2 mm; apices of inner all straight and entire or innermost ± flexuous, erose. |
Heads | 1–6, borne singly or in corymbiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays. |
1–10+ in open, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. |
Cypselae | brown, 6–7 mm, apical collars narrow; pappi 25–40 mm. |
dark brown, 4–5 mm, apical collars yellowish, 0.5–1; pappi 17–20 mm. |
2n | = 32, 64. |
= 28. |
Cirsium andersonii |
Cirsium virginianum |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer (Jul–Sep). | Flowering summer–fall (Aug–Oct). |
Habitat | Moist to dry soils, openings in montane woodlands, montaine coniferous forests, aspen groves | Moist savannas, pine barrens, coastal plain bogs |
Elevation | 1100–2900 m (3600–9500 ft) | 0–150 m (0–500 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; NV
|
DE; FL; GA; NC; NJ; SC; VA
|
Discussion | Cirsium andersonii grows in the Cascade Range of northern California south through the Sierra Nevada of eastern California and western Nevada. It has been reported from the mountains of southwestern Idaho, but I have not seen specimens from there. Heads of Cirsium andersonii are actively visited by hummingbirds as well as a variety of insects (P. L. Barlow-Irick 2002). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cirsium virginianum occurs on the Atlantic coastal plain from Delaware to Florida. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 145. | FNA vol. 19, p. 118. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Cirsium | Asteraceae > tribe Cardueae > Cirsium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cnicus andersonii | Carduus virginianus, Carduus revolutus, C. revolutum |
Name authority | (A. Gray) Petrak: Bot. Tiddsskr. 31: 68. (1911) | (Linnaeus) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 90. (1803) |
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