Flora of North America species comparison

usually 1, erect, subglabrous to puberulent and/or tomentose;

branches 0–several, stiffly ascending.

1–several, spreading to erect, bushlike or forming low rounded mounds, gray-tomentose with appressed feltlike trichomes;

branches 0–several, inclined to ascending, stiff.

blades ± elliptic, 8–35 × 4–8 cm, divided about halfway to midveins, lobes spreading, triangular, coarsely dentate or with a few broad lobes, obtuse to acute, main spines 1–5 mm, abaxial faces green or gray, thinly tomentose, adaxial green and glabrous to sparingly pilose;

basal often present at flowering, spiny winged-petiolate;

main cauline reduced distally, bases clasping;

distal much reduced, linear-oblong, usually less deeply lobed and often spinier than proximal.

blades elliptic to ovate, 10–25 cm, strongly undulate, usually broadly pinnatifid, lobes entire or coarsely few-toothed or -lobed, main spines abrupt, 1–4 mm, faces gray-white-tomentose with appressed feltlike, non-septate trichomes;

basal present or withered at flowering, winged-petiolate;

principal cauline well distributed, winged-petiolate to sessile, gradually reduced, bases clasping with expanded auricles;

distal reduced, spines to 8 mm.

0–20 cm.

0–7 cm.

broadly cylindric to narrowly campanulate, 3–5 × 2–4 cm, loosely arachnoid or ± glabrous, finely short-ciliate.

hemispheric or campanulate, 3–4 × 4–6 cm, densely arachnoid.

red to reddish purple, 30–45 mm, tubes 10–20 mm, throats 10–16 mm, lobes 9–11 mm;

style tips 3.5–5 mm.

white to pale yellow, 20–34 mm, tubes 11–15 mm, throats 5–8 mm, lobes 5–8 mm;

style tips 3–4 mm.

in 6–8 series, imbricate, outer green, inner purple to red, linear-lanceolate (outer) to linear (inner), abaxial faces without glutinous ridge;

outer and mid bodies short, appressed, entire or spinulose-ciliate, apices long-spreading to ascending, entire or spinulose-ciliate or rarely with expanded, fringed appendages, spines straight, weak, 1–3 mm;

apices of inner red to purple, straight or rarely twisted, long, flat, entire.

in 8–10 series, imbricate, linear, abaxial faces without glutinous ridge;

outer and mid bases short- appressed, margins spiny-ciliate, apices long, spreading to erect, spines straight, 2–5 mm;

apices of inner flattened or spine-tipped, serrate to scabrid, sometimes pectinately fringed.

1–6, borne singly or in corymbiform, racemiform, or spiciform arrays.

1–many, erect, terminal on branches in subcapitate to congested, corymbiform arrays, closely subtended by clustered, ± leafy bracts.

brown, 6–7 mm, apical collars narrow;

pappi 25–40 mm.

light–brown to black, 5–7 mm, apical collars whitish, 0.2–0.3 mm;

pappi 15–25 mm.

= 32, 64.

= 34.