Circaea canadensis subsp. canadensis
Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
circée du Canada, enchanter's nightshade
20–90 cm.
petiole (1.3–)2.5–5.5 cm;
blade narrowly to broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, 5–16 × 2.5–8.5 cm, base cordate to rounded, margins denticulate, apex acute to slightly acuminate.
stipules present or absent.
2.5–30 cm.
opening after elongation of axis, ± loosely spaced;
pedicels spreading at anthesis, 2.5–6.5 mm, with a minute, setaceous bracteole at base;
floral tube (0.4–)0.7–1.2 mm, funnelform, nectary projecting 0.2–0.7 mm beyond opening of floral tube;
sepals green or purple, broadly elliptic or oblong to oblong-ovate, 1.9–3.8 × 1.2–2.4 mm;
petals usually white, rarely pink, broadly deltate to broadly obovate, obcordate, or broadly obovate, (1.3–)1.6–2.9 × (1.5–)2.2–4 mm;
apical notch 1/3 to slightly more than 1/2 length of petal;
filaments 1.2–2.8 mm, pollen highly fertile (greater than 80%);
style 2.5–5.5 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.
floral tube present or, rarely, absent;
sepals 2 or 4 (very rarely 3), deciduous with floral tube, petals, and stamens;
petals yellow, white, pink, red, rarely in combination.
pyriform to subglobose, rounded, usually obliquely, to pedicel, with corky, prominent ribs and deep grooves, 2.8–4.5 × 1.9–3.6 mm;
pedicel and mature fruit combined length 6.3–11.2 mm.
= 22.
Circaea canadensis subsp. canadensis
Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
Subspecies quadrisulcata (Maximowicz) Boufford, which closely resembles subsp. canadensis, is in eastern Asia, extending from Japan across Russia to the vicinity of Moscow (D. E. Boufford 1982b). The presence of a minute bracteole at the base of the pedicel in subsp. canadensis is the only consistent feature that separates it from subsp. quadrisulcata, although subsp. canadensis tends to be somewhat larger overall.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Genera 21, species 582 (16 genera, 246 species in the flora).
Onagroideae encompass the main lineage of the family, after the early branching of Ludwigia (R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004). This large and diverse lineage is distinguished by the presence of a floral tube beyond the apex of the ovary; sepals deciduous with the floral tube, petals, and stamens; pollen shed in monads (or tetrads in Chylismia sect. Lignothera and all but one species of Epilobium); ovular vascular system exclusively transseptal (R. H. Eyde 1981); ovule archesporium multicellular (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996); and change in base chromosome number from x = 8 in Ludwigia to x = 10 or x = 11 at the base of Onagroideae (Raven 1979; Levin et al. 2003). Molecular work (Levin et al. 2003, 2004) substantially supports the traditional tribal classification (P. A. Munz 1965; Raven 1979, 1988); tribes are recognized to delimit major branches within the phylogeny of Onagroideae, where the branches comprise strongly supported monophyletic groups of one or more genera.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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