Circaea alpina |
Circaea alpina subsp. alpina |
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enchanter's-nightshade, small enchanter's-nightshade |
dwarf enchanter's nightshade, enchanter's-nightshade, small enchanter's nightshade |
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Habit | Herbs glabrous or pubescent with at least a few recurved, falcate hairs, glabrous or glandular puberulent distally; stolons with apical tuber. | |||||
Stems | 3–50 cm. |
soft, flattened after pressing and appearing winged, glabrous. |
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Leaves | petiole 0.3–5 cm; blade usually ovate to broadly ovate, rarely suborbiculate, 1.5–7.5(–11) × 1.5–5.5(–8) cm. |
petiole 0.3–4 cm; blade 1.5–7.5 × 1.5–5.5 cm, margins conspicuously dentate, base usually cordate to sub-cordate, rarely truncate or rounded, apex short acuminate to acute. |
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Inflorescences | 0.7–12(–17) cm. |
glabrous or sparsely to densely glandular puberulent. |
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Flowers | opening before elongation of axis, corymbiform; pedicels erect or ascending at anthesis, 0.7–3.5 mm, with or without a minute, setaceous bracteole at base; floral tube a mere constriction to 0.6 mm, funnelform to very broadly so, nectary wholly within floral tube; sepals white or pink, sometimes purple tinged apically, oblong or ovate to broadly ovate, 0.8–1.8(–2.2) × 0.6–1.3 mm; petals white, obtriangular or obdeltate to obovate or broadly obovate, 0.6–2 × 0.6–1.8 mm; apical notch to 1/2 length of petal; filaments 0.7–2.2 mm; style 0.6–2.3 mm. |
clustered at apex of raceme, opening before elongation of raceme axis; floral tube a mere constriction between ovary and base of sepals to 0.5 mm; apical notch of petal 1/4–1/2 length of petal; pedicel and mature fruit combined length 3.7–6.5 mm. |
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Capsules | clavoid, tapering smoothly to pedicel, without ribs or grooves, 1.6–2.6 × 0.5–1.2 mm, 1-locular, 1-seeded; pedicel and mature fruit combined length 3.5–7.8 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
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Circaea alpina |
Circaea alpina subsp. alpina |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||
Habitat | Moist to wet places, on moss covered rocks and logs, cool, temperate and boreal forests. | |||||
Elevation | 0–2500 m. (0–8200 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
North America; Europe; Asia
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AZ; CO; CT; DC; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; cool; on moss covered rocks and logs; temperate and boreal forests; Moist to wet places |
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Discussion | Subspecies 6 (2 in the flora). Circaea alpina inhabits moist places, and is also found on moss covered rocks and logs in cold temperate and boreal forests at high altitudes and latitudes throughout the northern hemisphere and in the tropics and subtropics at high elevations in southern and southeastern Asia, at elevations 0–5000 m. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Circaeeae > Circaea | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Circaeeae > Circaea > Circaea alpina | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 9. (1753) | unknown | ||||
Web links |
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