Cicendia quadrangularis |
Cicendia |
|
---|---|---|
American cicendia, common microcalis, Oregon timwort, square cicendia, timwort |
cicendia, timwort |
|
Habit | Herbs 1–9 cm. | Herbs annual, chlorophyllous, glabrous. |
Stem(s) | 1, branching at various levels in larger plants. |
erect or decumbent. |
Leaves | basal often withered at flowering time, cauline spreading; basal blades spatulate-obovate to oblanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 3–15 × 1–3 mm; cauline blades narrowly elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate, 3.5–7 × 0.5–2 mm, base connate-sheathing 0.5 mm, apex obtuse to subacute. |
cauline, opposite, sometimes also basal. |
Inflorescences | 1–5-flowered; pedicels 3–60 mm. |
solitary flowers or 2–5-flowered, irregular or ± dichasial cymes. |
Flowers | calyx hemispheric, 2–7 mm, much exceeding corolla tube in diam., outer lobes proximally rhombic, distal portion triangular, apex acute, inner lobes proximally oblong, distal portion with strongly invaginated flanges, abruptly narrowed into ovate-triangular, cucullate, acuminate apex; corolla 3–10 mm, lobes ovate-triangular to ovate-elliptic, 1–4 mm, apex rounded or abruptly acute. |
4-merous; calyx tubular, lobes longer than tube, connate, 2 outer lobes wider than inner [not connate, all equal]; corolla yellow, salverform, glabrous, lobes shorter, abruptly spreading at summit of tube, margins entire, plicae between lobes absent; stamens inserted in corolla sinuses; anthers distinct, remaining straight; style deciduous, erect, distinct, cleft 1 mm or less [not cleft]; ovary short-stipitate; stigmas 2; nectaries absent. |
Capsules | widely ellipsoid. |
|
x | = 13. |
|
2n | = 26. |
|
Cicendia quadrangularis |
Cicendia |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer. | |
Habitat | Grassy places, edges of vernal pools, other open habitats. | |
Elevation | 0–2700 m. (0–8900 ft.) | |
Distribution |
CA; OR; South America [Introduced in Australia]
|
United States; South America; Europe [Introduced in Australia] |
Discussion | In the latter part of the life of the flower, the stamens of Cicendia quadrangularis arch over toward the stigmas, permitting self-pollination if outbreeding has not already occurred. The corollas close at night and in cloudy weather. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 2 (1 in the flora). The name Cicendia was long misapplied to the European genus Exaculum Caruel, and the genus described here was called Microcala Hoffmannsegg & Link. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Gentianaceae > Cicendia | Gentianaceae |
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gentiana quadrangularis, Microcala quadrangularis | |
Name authority | (Dombey ex Lamarck) Grisebach: Gen. Sp. Gent., 157. (1838) | Adanson: Fam. Pl. 2: 503. (1763) |
Web links |