Chylismiella
Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
evening primrose
erect, branched.
cauline, alternate;
stipules absent;
petiolate;
blade margins entire.
stipules present or absent.
racemes, nodding at anthesis, erect in fruit.
bisexual, actinomorphic, buds erect;
floral tube deciduous (with sepals, petals, and stamens) after anthesis, nectary unknown, presumably at base of tube;
sepals 4, reflexed singly or in pairs;
petals 4, white, yellow at base, fading purple;
stamens 8 in 2 subequal series, anthers basifixed, pollen shed singly;
ovary 4-locular, stigma subentire or slightly lobed, subcapitate, surface unknown, probably wet and non-papillate.
floral tube present or, rarely, absent;
sepals 2 or 4 (very rarely 3), deciduous with floral tube, petals, and stamens;
petals yellow, white, pink, red, rarely in combination.
a capsule, straight or slightly curved, terete, loculicidally dehiscent;
pedicellate.
numerous, in 2 rows per locule, (appearing as 1 by crowding), with thick wing on concave side, wing and convex side covered with glassy, clavate hairs.
Chylismiella
Onagraceae subfam. onagroideae
Species 1.
Chylismiella was formerly included as a section in Oenothera (P. A. Munz 1928; P. H. Raven 1962, 1964) or Camissonia (Raven 1969), and elevated to generic rank based on molecular analyses of the Onagreae. Chylismiella was placed by R. A. Levin et al. (2004) sister to Gayophytum rather than with other groups placed by Raven (1964, 1969) in Camissonia. Chylismiella plus Gayophytum together have a sister relationship to Clarkia in the Levin et al. analyses. Raven (1969), in noting that Chylismiella pterosperma (as Camissonia) is extremely distinctive and not closely allied to other groups in Camissonia, suggested the possibility of a close relationship between Chylismiella and Gayophytum due to the shared character of white petals with a yellow band near the base, but did not suggest a close relationship with Clarkia. Chylismiella is distinguished by seeds with thick, papillate wings. Reproductive features include: self-compatible and flowers diurnal, mainly autogamous (Raven 1962, 1969).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Genera 21, species 582 (16 genera, 246 species in the flora).
Onagroideae encompass the main lineage of the family, after the early branching of Ludwigia (R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004). This large and diverse lineage is distinguished by the presence of a floral tube beyond the apex of the ovary; sepals deciduous with the floral tube, petals, and stamens; pollen shed in monads (or tetrads in Chylismia sect. Lignothera and all but one species of Epilobium); ovular vascular system exclusively transseptal (R. H. Eyde 1981); ovule archesporium multicellular (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996); and change in base chromosome number from x = 8 in Ludwigia to x = 10 or x = 11 at the base of Onagroideae (Raven 1979; Levin et al. 2003). Molecular work (Levin et al. 2003, 2004) substantially supports the traditional tribal classification (P. A. Munz 1965; Raven 1979, 1988); tribes are recognized to delimit major branches within the phylogeny of Onagroideae, where the branches comprise strongly supported monophyletic groups of one or more genera.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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