Chylismia sect. Lignothera
Chylismia cardiophylla
heart leaf primrose, heartleaf suncup
usually well branched, forming bushy habit, 20–100 cm.
cauline, mostly toward base;
petiole (0.7–)2.5–7.5 cm;
blade cordate-ovate to -orbiculate, 2.5–7.5 × 2.3–5.5 cm, smaller distally, margins erose-dentate.
nodding, congested.
opening at sunset;
floral tube 4.5–40 mm;
petals yellow, without dots or flecks, fading brick red or orange;
pollen shed in tetrads.
floral tube 4.5–14 mm, villous inside;
sepals 3–9 mm;
petals yellow, 3–12 mm;
filaments 1–3 mm, anthers 2–4 mm;
style 8–23 mm, stigma surrounded by or exserted just beyond anthers at anthesis.
ascending, cylindrical, 20–55 mm;
pedicel 1–18 mm.
0.5–0.7 mm.
Chylismia sect. Lignothera
Chylismia cardiophylla
Species 2 (2 in the flora).
Section Lignothera consists of two diploid (2n = 14) species (four taxa) that occur on rocky slopes and in washes in the Mojave and western Sonoran Deserts. Chylismia arenaria occurs from southeastern California into adjacent southwestern Arizona and barely to northern Sonora, Mexico; the more widespread C. cardiophylla occurs in that same region but also reaches to south-central Baja California, Mexico, farther east in Arizona, and north to the western and southern margins of Death Valley in Inyo County, California. P. H. Raven (1962) considered this group to be an early evolutionary offshoot within Camissonia. He revised his position (Raven 1969) to regard the late afternoon-opening flowers, pollen shed in tetrads, and semi-woody habit as specializations within Onagreae and in Camissonia, and, consequently, to regard sect. Lignothera as a derivative of sect. Chylismia and its long floral tubes an adaptation for hawkmoth pollination.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).
P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible, but primarily outcrossing. Subspecies cedrosensis (Greene) W. L. Wagner & Hoch, occurs in Baja California and adjacent Sonora, Mexico.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Floral tubes 4.5–14 mm; racemes congested; sepals 3–9 mm. | C. cardiophylla |
1. Floral tubes 18–40 mm; racemes open; sepals 8–15 mm. | C. arenaria |
1. Herbs villous, sometimes also glandular puberulent; floral tubes 4.5–12 mm. | subsp. cardiophylla |
1. Herbs glandular puberulent throughout, often also sparsely villous; floral tubes 9–14 mm. | subsp. robusta |
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