Chylismia multijuga |
Chylismia cardiophylla |
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froststem suncup |
heart leaf primrose, heartleaf suncup |
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Habit | Herbs annual or biennial, villous, at least proximally, glabrous or even glaucous distally, rarely glandular puberulent. | Herbs annual or perennial, villous and glandular puberulent. | ||||
Stems | virgate with numerous divergent branches, 20–150 cm. |
usually well branched, forming bushy habit, 20–100 cm. |
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Leaves | primarily in well-developed basal rosette, cauline reduced or absent, 6–30 × 1.4–6.5 cm; petiole 0.3–6 cm; blade pinnately or bipinnately lobed, terminal lobe ovate to elliptic, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–3 cm, margins irregularly serrate, dark brown oil cells prominently lining veins abaxially. |
cauline, mostly toward base; petiole (0.7–)2.5–7.5 cm; blade cordate-ovate to -orbiculate, 2.5–7.5 × 2.3–5.5 cm, smaller distally, margins erose-dentate. |
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Racemes | erect to nodding, elongating in bud. |
nodding, congested. |
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Flowers | opening at sunrise; buds individually reflexed, with apical or slightly subapical free tips less than 1 mm; floral tube 1–3 mm, glabrous or villous inside proximally; sepals 3–8 mm; petals usually bright yellow, rarely cream, fading yellow to lavender, 4–9 mm; stamens unequal, filaments of antisepalous stamens 2.5–4 mm, those of antipetalous ones 1.3–3 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, ciliate; style 7–11 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
floral tube 4.5–14 mm, villous inside; sepals 3–9 mm; petals yellow, 3–12 mm; filaments 1–3 mm, anthers 2–4 mm; style 8–23 mm, stigma surrounded by or exserted just beyond anthers at anthesis. |
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Capsules | usually spreading, rarely slightly reflexed, oblong-cylindrical, 10–52 mm; pedicel 7–20 mm. |
ascending, cylindrical, 20–55 mm; pedicel 1–18 mm. |
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Seeds | 1–1.3 mm. |
0.5–0.7 mm. |
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2n | = 14. |
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Chylismia multijuga |
Chylismia cardiophylla |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun(–Sep). | |||||
Habitat | Forming colonies on rocky slopes and banks of eroded sedimentaries, on gypsum or limestone, on conglomerates, often with Juniperus and Pinus edulis, with Encelia farinosa and Larrea. | |||||
Elevation | 300–1100 m. (1000–3600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; NV; UT
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sw United States; nw Mexico
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Discussion | Chylismia multijuga is known from Washington County, Utah, and southern Lincoln County, Nevada, to northern Mohave County, Arizona. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-incompatible. It hybridizes with C. brevipes subspp. brevipes and pallidula. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible, but primarily outcrossing. Subspecies cedrosensis (Greene) W. L. Wagner & Hoch, occurs in Baja California and adjacent Sonora, Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Chylismia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Lignothera | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Oenothera multijuga, Camissonia multijuga, Chylisma hirta, C. parviflora, C. venosa, O. brevipes var. multijuga, O. brevipes var. parviflora, O. multijuga var. parviflora, O. phlebophylla, O. watsonii | Oenothera cardiophylla, Camissonia cardiophylla | ||||
Name authority | (S. Watson) Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 193. (1896) — (as Chylisma) | (Torrey) Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 193. (1896) — (as Chylisma) | ||||
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