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froststem suncup

golden suncup, Mojave suncup, yellow cups

Habit Herbs annual or biennial, villous, at least proximally, glabrous or even glaucous distally, rarely glandular puberulent. Herbs annual, moderately to densely villous, sometimes strigillose.
Stems

virgate with numerous divergent branches, 20–150 cm.

branched, 3–75 cm.

Leaves

primarily in well-developed basal rosette, cauline reduced or absent, 6–30 × 1.4–6.5 cm;

petiole 0.3–6 cm;

blade pinnately or bipinnately lobed, terminal lobe ovate to elliptic, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–3 cm, margins irregularly serrate, dark brown oil cells prominently lining veins abaxially.

primarily in basal rosette, cauline greatly reduced when present, 6–14 × 1.5–3.5 cm;

petiole 1.5–4(–11) cm;

blade pinnately lobed or lateral lobes greatly reduced or absent, often mixed on same plant, terminal lobe usually ovate, rarely elliptic, 2.5–6.9 × 1.5–7 cm, margins irregularly dentate, oil cells on abaxial surface inconspicuous.

Racemes

erect to nodding, elongating in bud.

nodding, mostly elongating after flowers.

Flowers

opening at sunrise;

buds individually reflexed, with apical or slightly subapical free tips less than 1 mm;

floral tube 1–3 mm, glabrous or villous inside proximally;

sepals 3–8 mm;

petals usually bright yellow, rarely cream, fading yellow to lavender, 4–9 mm;

stamens unequal, filaments of antisepalous stamens 2.5–4 mm, those of antipetalous ones 1.3–3 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, ciliate;

style 7–11 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

opening at sunrise;

buds sometimes individually reflexed, without free tips or with subapical free tips 1–2 mm, or with minute, apical free tips less than 1 mm;

floral tube 3–8 mm, densely short-villous inside proximally;

sepals 5–9 mm;

petals bright yellow, sometimes with red dots at base, fading yellow to orange or reddish, 3–18 mm;

stamens subequal, filaments 3–6 mm, anthers 2.5–6 mm, ciliate;

style 10–18 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

usually spreading, rarely slightly reflexed, oblong-cylindrical, 10–52 mm;

pedicel 7–20 mm.

ascending or spreading, oblong-cylindrical, 18–92 mm;

pedicel 2–20 mm.

Seeds

1–1.3 mm.

1–1.5 mm.

2n

= 14.

Chylismia multijuga

Chylismia brevipes

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jun(–Sep).
Habitat Forming colonies on rocky slopes and banks of eroded sedimentaries, on gypsum or limestone, on conglomerates, often with Juniperus and Pinus edulis, with Encelia farinosa and Larrea.
Elevation 300–1100 m. (1000–3600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NV; UT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
sw United States
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Chylismia multijuga is known from Washington County, Utah, and southern Lincoln County, Nevada, to northern Mohave County, Arizona. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-incompatible. It hybridizes with C. brevipes subspp. brevipes and pallidula.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora).

P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-incompatible.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flower buds individually reflexed; petals often fading reddish, 3–8 mm.
subsp. arizonica
1. Flower buds not individually reflexed; petals fading yellow to orange, 6–18 mm.
→ 2
2. Plants stout, villous; buds with subapical free tips 1–2 mm; petals usually without red dots at base.
subsp. brevipes
2. Plants slender, usually strigillose, sometimes also villous proximally; buds with apical free tips 0–1 mm; petals often with red dots near base.
subsp. pallidula
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Chylismia Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Chylismia
Sibling taxa
C. arenaria, C. atwoodii, C. brevipes, C. cardiophylla, C. claviformis, C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, C. exilis, C. heterochroma, C. megalantha, C. munzii, C. parryi, C. scapoidea, C. specicola, C. walkeri
C. arenaria, C. atwoodii, C. cardiophylla, C. claviformis, C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, C. exilis, C. heterochroma, C. megalantha, C. multijuga, C. munzii, C. parryi, C. scapoidea, C. specicola, C. walkeri
Subordinate taxa
C. brevipes subsp. arizonica, C. brevipes subsp. brevipes, C. brevipes subsp. pallidula
Synonyms Oenothera multijuga, Camissonia multijuga, Chylisma hirta, C. parviflora, C. venosa, O. brevipes var. multijuga, O. brevipes var. parviflora, O. multijuga var. parviflora, O. phlebophylla, O. watsonii Oenothera brevipes, Camissonia brevipes
Name authority (S. Watson) Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 193. (1896) — (as Chylisma) (A. Gray) Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 194. (1896) — (as Chylisma)
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