Chylismia multijuga |
Chylismia arenaria |
|
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froststem suncup |
Fortuna Range suncup, sand evening-primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or biennial, villous, at least proximally, glabrous or even glaucous distally, rarely glandular puberulent. | Herbs perennial, sometimes facultative annual, villous, sometimes also sparsely glandular puberulent in inflorescences. |
Stems | virgate with numerous divergent branches, 20–150 cm. |
well branched, 25–180 cm. |
Leaves | primarily in well-developed basal rosette, cauline reduced or absent, 6–30 × 1.4–6.5 cm; petiole 0.3–6 cm; blade pinnately or bipinnately lobed, terminal lobe ovate to elliptic, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–3 cm, margins irregularly serrate, dark brown oil cells prominently lining veins abaxially. |
cauline, often mostly toward base; petiole 3–6 cm; blade cordate-deltate, 2.5–4(–6) × 2.5–4(–6) cm, smaller distally, margins coarsely dentate. |
Racemes | erect to nodding, elongating in bud. |
nodding, open. |
Flowers | opening at sunrise; buds individually reflexed, with apical or slightly subapical free tips less than 1 mm; floral tube 1–3 mm, glabrous or villous inside proximally; sepals 3–8 mm; petals usually bright yellow, rarely cream, fading yellow to lavender, 4–9 mm; stamens unequal, filaments of antisepalous stamens 2.5–4 mm, those of antipetalous ones 1.3–3 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, ciliate; style 7–11 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
floral tube 18–40 mm, finely pubescent inside; sepals 8–15 mm; petals bright to pale yellow, 8–20 mm; filaments 5–9 mm, anthers 5–8 mm; style 30–58 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | usually spreading, rarely slightly reflexed, oblong-cylindrical, 10–52 mm; pedicel 7–20 mm. |
ascending, cylindrical, 30–44 mm; pedicel 2–5 mm. |
Seeds | 1–1.3 mm. |
0.5–0.7 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Chylismia multijuga |
Chylismia arenaria |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jun(–Sep). | Flowering Mar–Apr. |
Habitat | Forming colonies on rocky slopes and banks of eroded sedimentaries, on gypsum or limestone, on conglomerates, often with Juniperus and Pinus edulis, with Encelia farinosa and Larrea. | Sandy washes, rocky slopes, desert scrub in Sonoran Desert shrublands, usually with Ambrosia dumosa, Carnegiea, Larrea tridentata, and Prosopis. |
Elevation | 300–1100 m. (1000–3600 ft.) | -50–500 m. (-200–1600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NV; UT
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AZ; CA; Mexico (Sonora)
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Discussion | Chylismia multijuga is known from Washington County, Utah, and southern Lincoln County, Nevada, to northern Mohave County, Arizona. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-incompatible. It hybridizes with C. brevipes subspp. brevipes and pallidula. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Chylismia arenaria is known from the foot of the Needles in Mohave County, Arizona, and from the north end of the Salton Sea, Riverside County, California, southeastward to the Tinajas Atlas Range, Arizona, and Sonora, Mexico. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined C. arenaria to be self-compatible, but primarily outcrossing. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Chylismia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Lignothera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Oenothera multijuga, Camissonia multijuga, Chylisma hirta, C. parviflora, C. venosa, O. brevipes var. multijuga, O. brevipes var. parviflora, O. multijuga var. parviflora, O. phlebophylla, O. watsonii | Camissonia arenaria, Oenothera arenaria, O. cardiophylla var. longituba, O. cardiophylla var. splendens |
Name authority | (S. Watson) Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 193. (1896) — (as Chylisma) | A. Nelson: Amer. J. Bot. 21: 575. (1934) — (as Chylisma) |
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