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heart leaf primrose, heartleaf suncup

Habit Herbs annual, glandular puberulent and sparsely villous. Herbs annual or perennial, villous and glandular puberulent.
Stems

slender, unbranched or branched, 10–20 cm.

usually well branched, forming bushy habit, 20–100 cm.

Leaves

primarily cauline;

petiole 0.3–1.8 cm;

blade unlobed, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 0.3–2 × 0.3–1 cm, margins entire or inconspicuously denticulate, brownish oil cells lining veins abaxially.

cauline, mostly toward base;

petiole (0.7–)2.5–7.5 cm;

blade cordate-ovate to -orbiculate, 2.5–7.5 × 2.3–5.5 cm, smaller distally, margins erose-dentate.

Racemes

erect, elongating in fruit.

nodding, congested.

Flowers

opening at sunrise;

buds without free tips;

floral tube 0.4–0.5 mm, glabrous inside;

sepals 1–1.2 mm;

petals yellow, fading pale lavender, 1–1.5 mm;

stamens 4 (or 8), antisepalous, filaments 0.5 mm, anthers 0.5–0.7 mm, glabrous, when 8, then antipetalous ones smaller and abortive;

style 1.5 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

floral tube 4.5–14 mm, villous inside;

sepals 3–9 mm;

petals yellow, 3–12 mm;

filaments 1–3 mm, anthers 2–4 mm;

style 8–23 mm, stigma surrounded by or exserted just beyond anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

spreading or reflexed, clavate, 4–10 mm;

pedicel 3–9 mm.

ascending, cylindrical, 20–55 mm;

pedicel 1–18 mm.

Seeds

0.8 mm.

0.5–0.7 mm.

2n

= 14.

Chylismia exilis

Chylismia cardiophylla

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat Calcareous sand, gypseous clay flats, juniper woodlands.
Elevation 1000–1900 m. (3300–6200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; UT
[BONAP county map]
sw United States; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Chylismia exilis, known from Kane and San Juan counties in Utah and northern Coconino and Mohave counties in Arizona, is cryptic due to its small size. It may not be as rare as assumed, since it is difficult to spot in the field. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible and autogamous.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora).

P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible, but primarily outcrossing. Subspecies cedrosensis (Greene) W. L. Wagner & Hoch, occurs in Baja California and adjacent Sonora, Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Herbs villous, sometimes also glandular puberulent; floral tubes 4.5–12 mm.
subsp. cardiophylla
1. Herbs glandular puberulent throughout, often also sparsely villous; floral tubes 9–14 mm.
subsp. robusta
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Chylismia Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Lignothera
Sibling taxa
C. arenaria, C. atwoodii, C. brevipes, C. cardiophylla, C. claviformis, C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, C. heterochroma, C. megalantha, C. multijuga, C. munzii, C. parryi, C. scapoidea, C. specicola, C. walkeri
C. arenaria, C. atwoodii, C. brevipes, C. claviformis, C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, C. exilis, C. heterochroma, C. megalantha, C. multijuga, C. munzii, C. parryi, C. scapoidea, C. specicola, C. walkeri
Subordinate taxa
C. cardiophylla subsp. cardiophylla, C. cardiophylla subsp. robusta
Synonyms Oenothera exilis, Camissonia exilis Oenothera cardiophylla, Camissonia cardiophylla
Name authority (P. H. Raven) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 207. (2007) (Torrey) Small: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 193. (1896) — (as Chylisma)
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