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naked-stem beeblossom, Paiute suncup

Habit Herbs annual, densely villous and strigillose, glandular puberulent on distal parts. Herbs annual, strigillose, villous, or glandular puberulent.
Stems

well branched, 15–50 cm.

usually unbranched, sometimes branched from base, 3–45 cm.

Leaves

in well-developed basal rosette and also cauline, 7–20 × 1.5–2.5 cm;

petiole 1–4(–8) cm;

blade pinnately lobed, terminal lobe oblanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.5–5 × 1–2.5 cm, margins irregularly dentate, oil cells on abaxial surface inconspicuous.

primarily in basal rosette, cauline poorly developed or absent, 1–18 × 0.5–3.5 cm;

petiole 0.5–6.5 cm;

blade pinnately lobed or lateral lobes greatly reduced or absent, sometimes mixed on same plant, terminal lobe narrowly ovate to ovate or elliptic, 1–6.5 × 0.5–3.3 cm, margins irregularly dentate to subentire, oil cells on abaxial surface inconspicuous or conspicuous, pale yellowish brown or dark brown.

Racemes

nodding, dense, mostly elongating after flowers open.

nodding, elongating in fruit.

Flowers

opening at sunrise;

buds with conspicuous, subapical free tips 1–2 mm;

floral tube 3–5 mm, short-villous inside proximally;

sepals 9–12 mm;

petals bright yellow, with red dots at base, fading lavender, 12–18 mm;

stamens unequal, filaments of antisepalous stamens 6–8 mm, those of antipetalous ones 4–5 mm, anthers 4–6 mm, ciliate;

style 11–18 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis.

opening at sunrise;

buds with or without subapical free tips less than 1 mm;

floral tube 1–4 mm, sparsely villous or glabrous inside;

sepals 1.2–5 mm;

petals bright yellow, often with red dots near base, fading pale yellow or yellowish orange, 1.5–5.5(–8) mm;

stamens unequal, filaments of antisepalous stamens 1.2–6 mm, those of antipetalous ones 0.5–4 mm, anthers 1–2.5 mm, ciliate or glabrous;

style 3–11 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

Capsules

ascending or spreading, oblong-cylindrical, immature capsule to 35 mm;

pedicel 5–15 mm.

ascending, clavate, 8–50 mm;

pedicel 4–20 mm.

Seeds

not known.

1–2 mm.

Chylismia confertiflora

Chylismia scapoidea

Phenology Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat Cinder soil.
Elevation 1300–1400 m. (4300–4600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
w United States
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Chylismia confertiflora is known only from the type locality on the east side and base of Vulcan’s Throne, Toroweap Valley, Grand Canyon National Monument in Mohave County. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) assumed this species to be self-incompatible, based on the large flowers with the stigma elevated above the anthers.

A. Cronquist et al. (1997c) treated Chylismia confertiflora as part of C. brevipes, with a comment about the capsule dimensions, and indicated they consider the differences to be one end of the spectrum of a variation within C. brevipes. Although known from very few collections and sparse field data, P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) considered it to be distinct and to be most closely related to C. brevipes and to C. multijuga. He distinguished it from the latter by its larger flowers, nodding inflorescences, and large buds; and from the former by its glandular puberulent sepals, unequal stamens, and uniformly branched habit. In addition, the very restricted range of C. confertiflora is outside (to the east) of the range of C. brevipes. Chylismia multijuga grows within a few miles of the only know locality, but in this area C. confertiflora is very distinct from that species. Further collections and more detailed study of the overall morphological patterns as well as, perhaps, molecular data may clarify whether this is best considered to be an extremely restricted distinct species or a somewhat distinct outlier of the variable C. brevipes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora).

P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Oil cells lining veins of leaf blades abaxially usually pale yellowish brown, inconspicuous, rarely darker; leaf blades usually unlobed, rarely pinnately lobed with few, small lateral lobes, margins subentire.
→ 2
2. Capsules (10–)15–30 mm; petals 1.7–5 mm.
subsp. scapoidea
2. Capsules 25–50 mm; petals 1.5–2 mm.
subsp. macrocarpa
1. Oil cells lining veins of leaf blades abaxially dark brown, conspicuous; leaf blades pinnately lobed, lobes well developed or with few, small lateral lobes or unlobed, margins dentate.
→ 3
3. Petals 1.8–4 mm; lateral lobes of leaves often few or absent, sometimes well developed; capsules 8–20(–28) mm.
subsp. brachycarpa
3. Petals 4–5.5(–8) mm; lateral lobes of leaves usually well developed, sometimes poorly developed; capsules 16–38 mm.
subsp. utahensis
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Chylismia Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Chylismia
Sibling taxa
C. arenaria, C. atwoodii, C. brevipes, C. cardiophylla, C. claviformis, C. eastwoodiae, C. exilis, C. heterochroma, C. megalantha, C. multijuga, C. munzii, C. parryi, C. scapoidea, C. specicola, C. walkeri
C. arenaria, C. atwoodii, C. brevipes, C. cardiophylla, C. claviformis, C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, C. exilis, C. heterochroma, C. megalantha, C. multijuga, C. munzii, C. parryi, C. specicola, C. walkeri
Subordinate taxa
C. scapoidea subsp. brachycarpa, C. scapoidea subsp. macrocarpa, C. scapoidea subsp. scapoidea, C. scapoidea subsp. utahensis
Synonyms Oenothera confertiflorap., Camissonia confertiflora Oenothera scapoidea, Camissonia scapoidea, O. brevipes var. scapoidea
Name authority (P. H. Raven) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 207. (2007) (Torrey & A. Gray) Nuttall ex Raimann in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl: Nat. Pflanzenfam. 96[III,7]: 217. (1893)
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