Flora of North America species comparison

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Chylismia claviformis subsp. yumae

Chylismia
Photo is of parent taxon

Yuma clavate fruit primrose

beeblossom, browneyes
Habit Herbs strigillose, often densely so, sometimes also glandular puberulent distally. Herbs,usually annual, sometimes perennial, rarely biennial, usually caulescent.
Stems

5–40 cm.

ascending to erect, usually branched.
Leaves

blade lateral lobes poorly or well developed, terminal lobe lanceolate, to 6.5 × 2 cm, margins irregularly sinuate-dentate.

basal and cauline, cauline often reduced, basal often forming well-developed rosette, alternate;

stipules absent; long-petiolate;

blade often pinnately (rarely bipinnately) lobed, sometimes unlobed, or lateral lobes greatly reduced or absent, terminal lobe usually large, margins usually regularly or irregularly dentate to serrate, sometimes denticulate, serrulate, or entire, abaxial surface or margin with ± conspicuous, usually brown, oil cells.
Inflorescences

racemes, erect or nodding.
Flowers

opening at sunset;

buds usually without free tips, sometimes with apical free tips less than 1 mm;

floral tube orange-brown inside, 2.5–4 mm;

petals pale yellow, fading reddish or not changing color, 3–5 mm.

bisexual, actinomorphic, buds usually erect, sometimes reflexed;

floral tube deciduous (with sepals, petals, and stamens after anthesis), with basal nectary;

sepals 4, reflexed singly;

petals 4, usually yellow or white, often fading orange-red, sometimes lavender or purple, rarely cream, often with 1+ red dots near base;

stamens usually 8, in 2 subequal series, rarely 4 in 1 series (usually in C. exilis), anthers versatile, pollen shed singly or in tetrads;

ovary 4-locular, stigma usually entire and capitate, rarely conical-peltate and ± 4-lobed, surface unknown, probably wet and non-papillate.
Fruit

a capsule, straight or slightly curved, subterete and clavate or oblong-cylindrical, regularly loculicidal;

pedicellate.
Seeds

numerous, in 2 rows per locule, lenticular to narrowly ovoid to narrowly obovoid, finely pitted, with ± pronounced membranous margin when immature.
xI> = 7.

2n

= 14.

Chylismia claviformis subsp. yumae

Chylismia
Phenology Flowering Feb–May.
Habitat Very arid dunes and sandy flats, with Ambrosia dumosa and Larrea tridentata.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
[BONAP county map]
w United States; nw Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies yumae is known from southeastern Imperial County, California, Yuma Desert, Arizona, and from El Gran Desierto to Puerto Peñasco in northwestern Sonora, and in northeastern Baja California. The subspecies is probably from hybridization between subspp. aurantiaca and peirsonii; it intergrades with subsp. aurantiaca and rarely hybridizes with Chylismia brevipes subsp. arizonica.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 16 (16 in the flora).

Chylismia is distinguished from other genera formerly included in Camissonia by straight to arcuate (never twisted or curled) capsules on distinct pedicels and seeds in 2 rows per locule. R. A. Levin et al. (2004) included only one species each from Camissonia sects. Chylismia and Lignothera; the two formed a moderately supported branch, which led W. L. Wagner et al. (2007) to recognize Chylismia as a distinct genus. Chylismia is strongly supported in a sister relationship to the realigned Oenothera. This clade is in turn sister to Eulobus. Reproductive features include: self-incompatible (C. brevipes, C. claviformis, C. multijuga, C. munzii, and probably C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, and C. parryi; P. H. Raven 1962, 1969) or self-compatible; flowers diurnal, outcrossing and pollinated by mostly oligolectic bees or autogamous, or opening one to two hours before sunset (in one subspecies of C. claviformis and the two species of sect. Lignothera); the evening-opening subspecies of C. claviformis pollinated mostly by oligolectic bees and moths, C. cardiophylla mainly by small moths, and C. arenaria, with its long floral tubes, by hawkmoths (E. G. Linsley et al. 1963, 1963b, 1964). Most species are diploid (2n = 14) but there are occasional tetraploids (2n = 28); floating translocations are relatively common (Raven 1962, 1969).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Floral tubes 0.4–9 mm; pollen shed singly; leaves basal and cauline, usually with well-developed basal rosettes, blades usually pinnately or bipinnately lobed, lateral lobes sometimes greatly reduced or absent; plants usually annual, sometimes perennial, rarely biennial.
sect. Chylismia
1. Floral tubes 4.5–40 mm; pollen shed in tetrads; leaves cauline, blades unlobed; plants usually perennial, sometimes annual.
sect. Lignothera
Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10. Author: Warren L. Wagner.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Chylismia > sect. Chylismia > Chylismia claviformis Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae
Sibling taxa
C. claviformis subsp. aurantiaca, C. claviformis subsp. claviformis, C. claviformis subsp. cruciformis, C. claviformis subsp. funerea, C. claviformis subsp. integrior, C. claviformis subsp. lancifolia, C. claviformis subsp. peeblesii, C. claviformis subsp. peirsonii, C. claviformis subsp. rubescens
Subordinate taxa
C. sect. Chylismia, C. sect. Lignothera
Synonyms Oenothera claviformis subsp. yumae, Camissonia claviformis subsp. yumae Oenothera, Camissonia section chylismia, Oenothera section chylismia, Oenothera subg. chylismia
Name authority (P. H. Raven) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 207. (2007) (Torrey & A. Gray) Nuttall ex Raimann in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl: Nat. Pflanzenfam. 96[III,7]: 217. (1893)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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