Chylismia claviformis subsp. aurantiaca |
Chylismia |
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pinnate leaf primrose |
beeblossom, browneyes |
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Habit | Herbs strigillose, especially proximally, sometimes glabrate distally. | Herbs,usually annual, sometimes perennial, rarely biennial, usually caulescent. | ||||
Stems | 5–50 cm. |
ascending to erect, usually branched. |
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Leaves | blade sometimes purple-dotted, lateral lobes irregular, well developed, terminal lobe narrowly ovate, to 3 × 1.5 cm, margins irregularly sinuate-dentate. |
basal and cauline, cauline often reduced, basal often forming well-developed rosette, alternate; stipules absent; long-petiolate; blade often pinnately (rarely bipinnately) lobed, sometimes unlobed, or lateral lobes greatly reduced or absent, terminal lobe usually large, margins usually regularly or irregularly dentate to serrate, sometimes denticulate, serrulate, or entire, abaxial surface or margin with ± conspicuous, usually brown, oil cells. |
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Inflorescences | racemes, erect or nodding. |
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Flowers | opening at sunset; buds usually without free tips, rarely with apical free tips less than 1 mm; floral tube orange-brown inside, 3–5 mm; petals white, rarely purple-dotted at base, often fading purple, rarely orange, 2.5–8 mm. |
bisexual, actinomorphic, buds usually erect, sometimes reflexed; floral tube deciduous (with sepals, petals, and stamens after anthesis), with basal nectary; sepals 4, reflexed singly; petals 4, usually yellow or white, often fading orange-red, sometimes lavender or purple, rarely cream, often with 1+ red dots near base; stamens usually 8, in 2 subequal series, rarely 4 in 1 series (usually in C. exilis), anthers versatile, pollen shed singly or in tetrads; ovary 4-locular, stigma usually entire and capitate, rarely conical-peltate and ± 4-lobed, surface unknown, probably wet and non-papillate. |
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Fruit | a capsule, straight or slightly curved, subterete and clavate or oblong-cylindrical, regularly loculicidal; pedicellate. |
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Seeds | numerous, in 2 rows per locule, lenticular to narrowly ovoid to narrowly obovoid, finely pitted, with ± pronounced membranous margin when immature. |
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x |
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2n | = 14. |
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Chylismia claviformis subsp. aurantiaca |
Chylismia |
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Phenology | Flowering (Dec–)Feb–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy flats, washes, with Ambrosia dumosa, Fouquieria splendens, and Larrea. | |||||
Elevation | -70–1100 m. (-200–3600 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California) |
w United States; nw Mexico |
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Discussion | Subspecies aurantiaca is known from Lincoln County, Nevada, south through southeastern California to northeasternmost Baja California, and in Arizona only in westernmost Mohave and Yuma counties. It intergrades extensively with subspp. peirsonii and yumae, and those with white petals (subspp. claviformis, funerea, integrior, and peeblesii); it sometimes hybridizes with Chylismia brevipes subspp. brevipes and pallidula, and with C. munzii. The name Oenothera scapoidea var. aurantiaca S. Watson is superfluous because Watson included O. claviformis Torrey & Frémont as a synonym, which is the basionym of O. scapoidea var. claviformis (Torrey & Frémont) S. Watson. Likewise, Chylismia scapoidea (Torrey & A. Gray) Nuttall ex Raimann var. aurantiaca Davidson & Moxley is also an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 16 (16 in the flora). Chylismia is distinguished from other genera formerly included in Camissonia by straight to arcuate (never twisted or curled) capsules on distinct pedicels and seeds in 2 rows per locule. R. A. Levin et al. (2004) included only one species each from Camissonia sects. Chylismia and Lignothera; the two formed a moderately supported branch, which led W. L. Wagner et al. (2007) to recognize Chylismia as a distinct genus. Chylismia is strongly supported in a sister relationship to the realigned Oenothera. This clade is in turn sister to Eulobus. Reproductive features include: self-incompatible (C. brevipes, C. claviformis, C. multijuga, C. munzii, and probably C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, and C. parryi; P. H. Raven 1962, 1969) or self-compatible; flowers diurnal, outcrossing and pollinated by mostly oligolectic bees or autogamous, or opening one to two hours before sunset (in one subspecies of C. claviformis and the two species of sect. Lignothera); the evening-opening subspecies of C. claviformis pollinated mostly by oligolectic bees and moths, C. cardiophylla mainly by small moths, and C. arenaria, with its long floral tubes, by hawkmoths (E. G. Linsley et al. 1963, 1963b, 1964). Most species are diploid (2n = 14) but there are occasional tetraploids (2n = 28); floating translocations are relatively common (Raven 1962, 1969). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Oenothera claviformis var. aurantiaca, Camissonia claviformis subsp. aurantiaca, C. claviformis var. aurantiaca, C. aurantiaca, O. claviformis subsp. aurantiaca | Oenothera, Camissonia section chylismia, Oenothera section chylismia, Oenothera subg. chylismia | ||||
Name authority | (Munz) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 206. (2007) | (Torrey & A. Gray) Nuttall ex Raimann in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl: Nat. Pflanzenfam. 96[III,7]: 217. (1893) | ||||
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