Flora of North America species comparison

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Chrysopsis

goldenaster
Habit Biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 20–110(–150) cm, hairs usually soft, flexible, flagelliform (1–5 large, short basal cells, abruptly changing to thinner, elongate distal cells); taprooted or fibrous-rooted.
Stems

erect, ascending, procumbent or decumbent, simple or branched, glabrous or woolly, arachnoid (in C. mariana), often densely stipitate-glandular, especially distally.
Leaves

basal (in rosettes) and cauline; alternate;

sessile;

basal blades 1-nerved (net-veined), spatulate to oblanceolate (bases petiole-like), margins entire or apically dentate-serrate, faces usually sparsely to densely woolly (at least in young rosettes) or piloso-sericeous, rarely arachnoid;

cauline blades linear, lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate (bases sometimes ± clasping), margins entire or dentate, sometimes coarsely ciliate, faces glabrous or densely woolly, pilose, or arachnoid, or stipitate-glandular.
Involucres

campanulate, (5–12 ×) 5.5–14 mm.
Receptacles

slightly convex, shallowly pitted, epaleate.
Ray florets

9–36, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow.
Disc florets

25–90, bisexual, fertile;

corollas yellow, ampliate, tubes ± equaling distally dilated throats, lobes 5, erect, triangular;

style-branch appendages triangular.
Phyllaries

30–55 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved, (weakly to strongly keeled proximally, flat to slightly convex distally), linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, unequal, chartaceous to membranous proximally, membranous or foliaceous distally, margins scarious proximally, faces glabrous or hairy, sometimes stipitate-glandular or gland-dotted.
Heads

in corymbiform, subumbelliform, or paniculiform arrays (peduncles nearly naked to leafy-bracteate).
Cypselae

(stramineous) obconic, compressed, usually smooth or shallowly 1–10-ribbed, sometimes 2–10-ridged (ridges yellow to red-brown, clavate, translucent), faces sparsely to moderately strigose;

pappi persistent, in (2–)3(–4) series, outer of linear to narrowly triangular scales 0.4–1.4 mm, inner 1–2(–3) series of 20–40 whitish to stramineous, thin, barbellate, apically attenuate or clavate bristles.
x

= 5, 4, 9.

Chrysopsis
Distribution
from USDA
se United States
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 11 (11 in the flora).

All species of Chrysopsis are native to Florida; two species occur also north and west of the state. As circumscribed here, the genus includes the North American goldenasters that bear flagelliform hairs with bases of large cells. Historically, Chrysopsis included most species treated here in Heterotheca and all species treated here in Pityopsis (J. C. Semple 1981, 1996, literature cited therein). The two annual species of Bradburia are excluded, although G. L. Nesom (1991) included them in Chrysopsis. The cytotaxonomy of Chrysopsis has been studied in detail with the karyotypes of nearly all species illustrated, the allopolypoid origins of the C. gossypina complex documented, and the cytogeography of the four ploidy levels in C. mariana described (Semple 1977; Semple et al. 1980; Semple and C. C. Chinnappa 1980, 1980b, 1984, 1986). Semple and J. L. A. Hood (2005) described the pappi of the genera of subtribe Chrysopsidinae. Pappus traits of species within Chrysopsis are similar but differ from those of Bradburia, Heterotheca, and Pityopsis. Most species of Chrysopsis are restricted to limited habitats within Florida; some are rare or threatened. Different morphotypes of C. gossypina, a variable allopolyploid, may be superficially similar to one or another of the distinct diploid species (Semple 1981).

Diplogon Rafinesque is a rejected name.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Cypselae 2–10-ridged (ridges yellow to red-brown, translucent); phyllaries glabrous or densely pilose, sometimes stipitate-glandular
→ 2
1. Cypselae without yellow to red-brown, translucent ridges; phyllaries moderately to densely glandular
→ 6
2. Phyllary apices spreading to reflexed, twisted, usually long-attenuate (some n Florida collections acute, but leaves typical), eglandular; cypselae 6–10-ridged
C. subulata
2. Phyllary apices usually appressed, acute to acuminate, sometimes stipitate-glandular; cypselae 2–6-ridged
→ 3
3. Phyllaries 1.5–2.5 mm wide
C. latisquamea
3. Phyllaries 0.5–1(–1.3) mm wide
→ 4
4. Margins of distal leaves piloso-ciliate
C. gossypina
4. Margins of distal leaves not piloso-ciliate
→ 5
5. Stems erect; leaf blades mostly linear (sometimes twisted), proximal to mid cauline faces glabrous; panhandle and peninsular Florida
C. linearifolia
5. Stems procumbent; leaf blades linear-elliptic to oblong; proximal to mid cauline faces sometimes sparsely pilose
C. gossypina
6. Distal leaves (and stems) silky-sericeous
C. mariana
6. Distal leaves stipitate-glandular, hirsute, woolly, lanulate, or sericeous-tomentose, not silky-sericeous.
→ 7
7. Phyllary apices spreading to reflexed, attenuate to long-attenuate; c, w Florida panhandle
→ 8
7. Phyllary apices erect, acute, acuminate, or obtuse; peninsular and e panhandle Florida
→ 9
8. Stems decumbent to ascending or erect; heads in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays; coastal dunes (see also forms of C. gossypina subsp. gossypina)
C. godfreyi
8. Stems erect; heads in paniculiform arrays; inland in disturbed habitats
C. lanuginosa
9. Mid cauline leaf faces woolly or tomentose; involucres yellow-green in bud
→ 10
9. Mid cauline leaf faces usually sparsely hirsute, rarely woolly, stipitate-glandular; involucres green in bud
→ 11
10. Mid cauline leaf blades obovate or oblanceolate, bases cuneate to slightly auriculate-clasping, marginal cilia rarely more than 1 mm, faces appressed-tomentose; distal blade faces appressed-tomentose, sparsely stipitate-glandular (glands hidden by hair)
C. floridana
10. Mid cauline leaf blades oblong, oblong-elliptic, sometimes ovate to lanceolate, bases truncate to rounded, some marginal cilia 2–3 mm, faces woolly-lanulate; distal blade faces glabrate to sparsely woolly-pilose, densely stipitate-glandular
C. highlandsensis
11. Biennials; stems erect, simple, tips erect to ascending before heads form; mid leaf faces glabrate to sparsely strigillose, densely short-stipitate-glandular (larger glandular hairs 0.01–0.3 mm); heads in compact to lax, corymbiform arrays; peninsu-lar and e panhandle Florida
C. scabrella
11. Perennials (sometimes monocarpic); stems ascending to erect, tips usually nodding before heads form; mid leaf faces moderately hirsute, densely stipitate-glandular, viscid (larger glandular hairs 0.3–0.9 mm); heads in compact to moderately open, corymbiform to paniculiform arrays; mostly Lake Wales Ridge and Atlantic Ridge, c and se Florida
C. delaneyi
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 213. Author: John C. Semple.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae
Subordinate taxa
C. delaneyi, C. floridana, C. godfreyi, C. gossypina, C. highlandsensis, C. lanuginosa, C. latisquamea, C. linearifolia, C. mariana, C. scabrella, C. subulata
Synonyms Inula, Diplopappus, Heterotheca section C.
Name authority (Nuttall) Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 333. (1823)
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Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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