Chorizanthe orcuttiana |
Chorizanthe subg. Amphietes |
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Orcutt spineflower, Orcutt's spineflower, San Diego spineflower |
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Habit | Plants prostrate, 0.1–0.5 × 0.3–2(–2.5) dm, villous. | Plants prostrate to spreading or erect, mostly thinly pubescent. |
Stems | sometimes disarticulating at each node. |
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Leaves | basal; petiole 1–2 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.2–0.35(–0.5) cm, thinly pubescent. |
blades linear to lanceolate, obovate, round, or spatulate. |
Inflorescences | with involucres in small clusters 0.5–1 cm diam., greenish; bracts 2, sessile, unequal, 1 laminar and oblanceolate, 0.3–1 cm × 1–3 mm, awnless, this opposite linear, acicular, greatly reduced, 0.1–0.2 cm × 0.3–0.6 mm bract terminated by short, straight awn 0.6–1 mm. |
bracts mostly 2, opposite, scalelike or if leaflike then similar to basal leaves only reduced, occasionally deciduous in early anthesis, with or without awns. |
Involucres | 1, greenish, campanulate, 3-ribbed, 0.8–2 mm, faintly corrugate, pubescent; teeth 3, equal, 1.8–2 mm; awns uncinate, 0.6–1 mm. |
cylindric to narrowly turbinate, campanulate, or urceolate, occasionally ventricose basally, 3-,5-, or 6-toothed, with or without membranous or scarious margins; teeth erect to spreading or divergent, connate at least 1/2 their length, typically shallow, mostly unequal, with alternating long and short awns, often with anterior one longest. |
Flowers | 1, included to slightly exserted; perianth yellow, cylindric, 1.5–1.8 mm, densely pubescent abaxially; tepals connate ca. 1/2 their length, monomorphic, narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse to truncate, entire apically, slightly spreading; stamens 9, slightly exserted; filaments distinct, 0.5–0.8 mm, glabrous; anthers reddish, ovate, 0.2–0.3 mm. |
1(–2), white to pink or rose, maroon or purple, or yellow, thinly pubescent at least along midribs abaxially; stamens 3–9; filaments adnate at base of floral tube or faucially; filaments sometimes connate into short tube. |
Achenes | dark brown, lenticular, 2–2.2 mm. |
brown, lenticular or globose-lenticular, or 3-gonous. |
Seeds | embryo straight or rarely curved. |
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2n | = (76, 78), 80, (84). |
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Chorizanthe orcuttiana |
Chorizanthe subg. Amphietes |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | |
Habitat | Sandy soil, mesas and hills near coast, coastal scrub communities | |
Elevation | 60-200 m (200-700 ft) | |
Distribution |
CA |
w United States; nw Mexico; sw South America |
Discussion | Of conservation concern. Chorizanthe orcuttiana is known from a few populations on coastal mesas and hills near San Diego, San Diego County. It is federally listed as endangered. The species is an octoploid that may well have resulted from an ancient hybridization and doubling of chromosomes involving C. procumbens and C. polygonoides var. longispina. The Orcutt spineflower grows in soft, white sand; C. procumbens and C. polygonoides var. longispina are restricted to gravelly sites. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 39 (31 in the flora). Most species of subg. Amphietes are found in California. Of the others, one is known only from southernmost Peru to central Chile (Chorizanthe commissuralis J. Rémy), while the rest are known only from Baja California, Mexico. Those include C. inequalis S. Stokes, C. turbinata Wiggins, C. mutabilis Brandegee, C. rosulenta Reveal, C. pulchella Brandegee, C. flava Brandegee, and C. interposita Goodman. The latter is the only member of sect. Clastoscapa, the only section of subg. Amphietes not found in our flora. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 467. | FNA vol. 5, p. 450. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Name authority | Parry: Proc. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci. 4: 54. (1884) | Reveal & Hardham: Phytologia 66: 113. (1989) |
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