Chorizanthe howellii |
Chorizanthe valida |
|
---|---|---|
Howell's spineflower, Mendocino spineflower |
Sonoma spineflower |
|
Habit | Plants spreading or decumbent to somewhat erect, 0.3–1 × 1–5 dm, villous. | Plants erect to spreading, 1–3 × 1–6 dm, villous. |
Leaves | basal or nearly so; petiole 1–4 cm; blade spatulate to broadly obovate, 1–3 × 0.5–1.5(–1.8) cm, villous. |
basal or nearly so; petiole 1–3 cm; blade broadly oblanceolate, 1–2.5(–5) × 0.4–0.8(–1.2) cm, usually villous. |
Inflorescences | with secondary branches suppressed, greenish to grayish; bracts 2, similar to proximal leaf blades only reduced, short-petiolate, becoming linear and aciculate at distal nodes, acerose, 1–5 cm × 5–15 mm, awns absent. |
with secondary branches suppressed, grayish; bracts 2, similar to proximal leaf blades only reduced, short-petiolate, becoming linear and aciculate at distal nodes, acerose, 1–3 cm × 6–10 mm, awns absent. |
Involucres | 1, greenish to grayish, broadly cylindric, not ventricose, 3–4 mm, with conspicuous, white, scarious margins between teeth and extending up awn, not corrugate, pubescent; teeth spreading, equal, 0.5–1 mm, awns straight with longer ones 1–2 mm and anterior one mostly 2 mm, these alternating with shorter (0.5–1 mm) ones. |
1, grayish, cylindric, not ventricose,3–4(–4.5) mm, with white, scarious margins between teeth, finely corrugate, thinly pubescent; teeth erect, equal, 0.3–0.7(–1) mm; awns straight, with longer ones 0.7–1.3 mm and anterior one mostly 1.3 mm, these alternating with shorter, 0.5–1(–1.2) mm ones. |
Flowers | exserted; perianth bicolored with floral tube white and tepals white to rose, cylindric, (3–)3.5–4.5 mm, pubescent nearly throughout; tepals connate 1/4 their length, dimorphic, oblong, truncate and erose to denticulate apically, those of outer lobes longer and wider than inner ones; stamens 9, included; filaments distinct, 3–4 mm, glabrous; anthers pink to red, oblong, 0.6–0.8 mm. |
exserted; perianth bicolored with floral tube white and tepals white to lavender or rose, cylindric, (4–)5–6 mm, pubescent on proximal 1/2; tepals connate 1/4 their length, dimorphic, oblong, truncate and erose to denticulate, sometimes individual lobes entire, 2-lobed or even cuspidate apically, those of outer lobes longer and wider than inner ones; stamens 9, included; filaments distinct, 2–4.5 mm, glabrous; anthers pink to red or maroon, oblong, 0.6–0.8(–1) mm. |
Achenes | light brown, globose-lenticular, 3–4.5 mm. |
light brown, lenticular-globose, 3–4.5 mm. |
2n | = (72, 74, 76, 78), 80, (82, 84, 86, 88, 90). |
|
Chorizanthe howellii |
Chorizanthe valida |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Sandy places in coastal dunes and grassland communities | Sandy places, coastal grassland communities |
Elevation | 0-20 m (0-100 ft) | 10-100 m (0-300 ft) |
Distribution |
CA |
CA
|
Discussion | Of conservation concern. Chorizanthe howellii is an octoploid probably derived from an ancient hybrid event involving C. cuspidata var. villosa and perhaps C. valida. It is known only from a dune area north of Fort Bragg in Mendocino County, and is federally listed as endangered. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Chorizanthe valida may be distinguished by the highly colored involucre. The teeth and bases of awns are bright red. The awns then quickly transform to a bright ivory and this color dominates nearly the length of each awn. In the more inland populations (now extirpated), the awns observed in the old collections appear to be a straw color. It is not known if this is an artifact of age or potentially significant. Sonoma spineflower is now known only from grassy fields south of Abbott’s Lagoon in the Point Reyes area of Marin County (L. Davis and R. J. Sherman 1990, 1992). The last collection from Sonoma County was made at Sebastopol in 1907. The type, collected in 1841, apparently was gathered near Fort Ross, also in Sonoma County. This species is federally listed as endangered. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 456. | FNA vol. 5, p. 456. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Goodman: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 44, plate 3, fig. 1. (1934) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 271. (1877) |
Web links |