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Douglas' spineflower, San Benito spineflower

two lobed spineflower, twolobe spineflower

Habit Plants erect, 1–4(–5) × 0.5–3 dm, villous. Plants erect or infrequently spreading, (0.5–)1–3(–4) × 1–3(–4) dm, pubescent.
Leaves

basal;

petiole 1–3(–6) cm;

blade oblanceolate, 0.5–2(–4) × 0.1–0.4(–1) cm, villous.

basal;

petiole 0.5–3 cm;

blade oblanceolate, 1–3(–5) × 0.4–1(–1.3) cm, thinly pubescent.

Inflorescences

cymose, dichotomously branched throughout, white to greenish or reddish;

bracts usually 2, similar to proximal leaf blades, typically with whorl of 3–5 ca. midstem, short-petiolate, becoming linear and aciculate at distal nodes, acerose, 0.5–2(–3) cm × 1–5(–10) mm, awns absent.

with involucres in open clusters 2–4(–6) cm diam., greenish or reddish to purplish;

bracts 2–3 at proximal node, usually leaflike, often with whorl of sessile bracts ca. midstem, elliptic, 0.5–1.5 cm × 2–6 mm, gradually becoming lanceolate to elliptic, 0.2–2 cm × 1.5–8 mm, at distal nodes scalelike, linear and aciculate, acerose, awns straight, 1–3 mm.

Involucres

congested in small leafy terminal clusters of 2–4 at nodes of dichotomies, greenish, cylindric, slightly ventricose basally, 3–5 mm, with conspicuous, purple, broad, membranous margins typically extending across sinuses, finely corrugated, hispid at least along ridges, otherwise sparsely pubescent;

teeth spreading, equal, (0.7–)1–1.5 mm, awns straight, 0.5–1 mm.

3–10 or more, grayish or reddish, urceolate and slightly ventricose basally, 4–6 mm, without scarious or membranous margins, slightly corrugate, strigose;

teeth erect to spreading, unequal, 1–2 mm;

awns mostly uncinate, 0.5–2 mm, with longer anterior one straight, mostly 2 mm.

Flowers

exserted;

perianth white to rose, cylindric, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, slightly pubescent abaxially;

tepals connate 2/3 their length, monomorphic, obovate, 2-lobed or denticulate apically, infrequently inner whorl entire;

stamens 9, slightly exserted;

filaments distinct, 3–4 mm, glabrous;

anthers pink to red, oblong, 0.5–0.6 mm.

exserted;

perianth bicolored with floral tube white to yellow and tepals red, maroon, or dark purple, cylindric, (4.5–)5–6 mm, sparsely pubescent;

tepals connate 1/2 their length, dimorphic, obovate, those of outer whorl spreading, slightly longer than those of inner whorl, 2-lobed, emarginate, or subacute apically, those of inner whorl erect, obtuse, fimbriate apically;

stamens 9, exserted;

filaments distinct, 4–5 mm, glabrous;

anthers yellow to golden, oblong, 1.2–1.8 mm.

Achenes

light brown, globose-lenticular, 3.5–4 mm.

brown, globose-lenticular, 4–4.5 mm.

2n

= 40.

= (34, 36, 38), 40, (42, 44, 46).

Chorizanthe douglasii

Chorizanthe biloba

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Sandy to gravelly flats and slopes, mixed grassland communities, oak and pine woodlands
Elevation (200-)300-1600 m ((700-)1000-5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Chorizanthe douglasii is restricted to the Santa Lucia Mountains and to the San Gabilan and La Panza ranges of west-central California. The species is infrequent but can be locally common. A single collection made in the Santa Cruz Mountains (Rowntree s.n., 16 Jun 1929, CAS) may have been made in Santa Cruz County, but the location is uncertain and no other collection is known from that region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Unlike the serpentine species Chorizanthe palmeri and C. ventricosa, C. biloba occurs on gravelly or clayey soils. Those species and C. obovata can be quickly differentiated by carefully examining the colors, shapes, and modifications of the tepals. Immature specimens can be difficult to place, but a combination of geographic location and edaphic features can often enable accurate identification of even fragmentary material.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Outer tepals deeply 2-lobed, occasionally erose apically
var. biloba
1. Outer tepals emarginate or subcordate apically
var. immemora
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 452. FNA vol. 5, p. 458.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Chorizanthe > subg. Amphietes > sect. Ptelosepala Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Chorizanthe > subg. Amphietes > sect. Ptelosepala
Sibling taxa
C. angustifolia, C. biloba, C. blakleyi, C. brevicornu, C. breweri, C. clevelandii, C. corrugata, C. cuspidata, C. diffusa, C. fimbriata, C. howellii, C. leptotheca, C. membranacea, C. obovata, C. orcuttiana, C. palmeri, C. parryi, C. polygonoides, C. procumbens, C. pungens, C. rectispina, C. rigida, C. robusta, C. spinosa, C. staticoides, C. stellulata, C. uniaristata, C. valida, C. ventricosa, C. watsonii, C. wheeleri, C. xanti
C. angustifolia, C. blakleyi, C. brevicornu, C. breweri, C. clevelandii, C. corrugata, C. cuspidata, C. diffusa, C. douglasii, C. fimbriata, C. howellii, C. leptotheca, C. membranacea, C. obovata, C. orcuttiana, C. palmeri, C. parryi, C. polygonoides, C. procumbens, C. pungens, C. rectispina, C. rigida, C. robusta, C. spinosa, C. staticoides, C. stellulata, C. uniaristata, C. valida, C. ventricosa, C. watsonii, C. wheeleri, C. xanti
Subordinate taxa
C. biloba var. biloba, C. biloba var. immemora
Synonyms C. nortonii C. palmeri var. biloba
Name authority Bentham: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 418. (1836) Goodman: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 73. (1934)
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