Chorizanthe douglasii |
Chorizanthe biloba |
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Douglas' spineflower, San Benito spineflower |
two lobed spineflower, twolobe spineflower |
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Habit | Plants erect, 1–4(–5) × 0.5–3 dm, villous. | Plants erect or infrequently spreading, (0.5–)1–3(–4) × 1–3(–4) dm, pubescent. | ||||
Leaves | basal; petiole 1–3(–6) cm; blade oblanceolate, 0.5–2(–4) × 0.1–0.4(–1) cm, villous. |
basal; petiole 0.5–3 cm; blade oblanceolate, 1–3(–5) × 0.4–1(–1.3) cm, thinly pubescent. |
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Inflorescences | cymose, dichotomously branched throughout, white to greenish or reddish; bracts usually 2, similar to proximal leaf blades, typically with whorl of 3–5 ca. midstem, short-petiolate, becoming linear and aciculate at distal nodes, acerose, 0.5–2(–3) cm × 1–5(–10) mm, awns absent. |
with involucres in open clusters 2–4(–6) cm diam., greenish or reddish to purplish; bracts 2–3 at proximal node, usually leaflike, often with whorl of sessile bracts ca. midstem, elliptic, 0.5–1.5 cm × 2–6 mm, gradually becoming lanceolate to elliptic, 0.2–2 cm × 1.5–8 mm, at distal nodes scalelike, linear and aciculate, acerose, awns straight, 1–3 mm. |
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Involucres | congested in small leafy terminal clusters of 2–4 at nodes of dichotomies, greenish, cylindric, slightly ventricose basally, 3–5 mm, with conspicuous, purple, broad, membranous margins typically extending across sinuses, finely corrugated, hispid at least along ridges, otherwise sparsely pubescent; teeth spreading, equal, (0.7–)1–1.5 mm, awns straight, 0.5–1 mm. |
3–10 or more, grayish or reddish, urceolate and slightly ventricose basally, 4–6 mm, without scarious or membranous margins, slightly corrugate, strigose; teeth erect to spreading, unequal, 1–2 mm; awns mostly uncinate, 0.5–2 mm, with longer anterior one straight, mostly 2 mm. |
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Flowers | exserted; perianth white to rose, cylindric, 3.5–4(–4.5) mm, slightly pubescent abaxially; tepals connate 2/3 their length, monomorphic, obovate, 2-lobed or denticulate apically, infrequently inner whorl entire; stamens 9, slightly exserted; filaments distinct, 3–4 mm, glabrous; anthers pink to red, oblong, 0.5–0.6 mm. |
exserted; perianth bicolored with floral tube white to yellow and tepals red, maroon, or dark purple, cylindric, (4.5–)5–6 mm, sparsely pubescent; tepals connate 1/2 their length, dimorphic, obovate, those of outer whorl spreading, slightly longer than those of inner whorl, 2-lobed, emarginate, or subacute apically, those of inner whorl erect, obtuse, fimbriate apically; stamens 9, exserted; filaments distinct, 4–5 mm, glabrous; anthers yellow to golden, oblong, 1.2–1.8 mm. |
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Achenes | light brown, globose-lenticular, 3.5–4 mm. |
brown, globose-lenticular, 4–4.5 mm. |
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2n | = 40. |
= (34, 36, 38), 40, (42, 44, 46). |
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Chorizanthe douglasii |
Chorizanthe biloba |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy to gravelly flats and slopes, mixed grassland communities, oak and pine woodlands | |||||
Elevation | (200-)300-1600 m ((700-)1000-5200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA
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CA
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Discussion | Chorizanthe douglasii is restricted to the Santa Lucia Mountains and to the San Gabilan and La Panza ranges of west-central California. The species is infrequent but can be locally common. A single collection made in the Santa Cruz Mountains (Rowntree s.n., 16 Jun 1929, CAS) may have been made in Santa Cruz County, but the location is uncertain and no other collection is known from that region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Unlike the serpentine species Chorizanthe palmeri and C. ventricosa, C. biloba occurs on gravelly or clayey soils. Those species and C. obovata can be quickly differentiated by carefully examining the colors, shapes, and modifications of the tepals. Immature specimens can be difficult to place, but a combination of geographic location and edaphic features can often enable accurate identification of even fragmentary material. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 452. | FNA vol. 5, p. 458. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | C. nortonii | C. palmeri var. biloba | ||||
Name authority | Bentham: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 418. (1836) | Goodman: Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 73. (1934) | ||||
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