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Rhodes grass, Rhodes windmill-grass

tall windmill-grass

Habit Plants perennial; usually stoloniferous. Plants perennial; usually cespitose, rarely stoloniferous.
Culms

to 300 cm, erect.

to 135 cm.

Sheaths

glabrous or scabrous, often ciliate apically;

ligules ciliate;

blades to 30 cm long, 15 mm wide, scabrous.

mostly glabrous;

ligules 0.7-1 mm, erose to lacerate;

blades to 45 cm long, to 15 mm wide, with basal hairs, otherwise usually glabrous, occasionally scabrous.

Panicles

digitate, with 9-30 evidently distinct branches;

branches 8-20 cm, usually somewhat divaricate, spikelet-bearing to the base, averaging 10 spikelets per cm.

digitate, with (4)8-28 evidently distinct and easily separable branches;

branches (5)8-20 cm, flexible, usually more or less spreading, sometimes drooping, averaging 12 spikelets per cm.

Spikelets

strongly imbricate, tawny, with 1 bisexual and (1)2-4 usually staminate, sometimes sterile florets.

strongly imbricate, with 1 bisexual and usually 2 sterile florets.

Lower glumes

1.4-2.8 mm;

upper glumes 2.2-3.5 mm;

lowest lemmas 2.5-4.2 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide, ovate to obovate or elliptic, somewhat gibbous, sides not grooved, pubescence variable, sides usually glabrous, sometimes scabrous or appressed pubescent, margins usually glabrous or appressed pubescent on the lower portions, sometimes throughout their length, sometimes with strongly divergent hairs distally, occasionally with strongly divergent hairs their entire length, divergent hairs, when present, 1+ mm, lemma apices inconspicuously bilobed, awned, awns 1.5-6.5 mm;

second florets staminate or sterile, 2.2-3.2 mm long, 0.3-1 mm wide, similar to the first floret but more cylindrical, not widened distally, inflated, if at all, only near the apices, inconspicuously bilobed, awned, awns 0.8-3.2 mm;

distal florets progressively smaller, longer than the subtending rachilla segment, awn-tipped or unawned.

1-2.5 mm;

upper glumes 1.9-3.5 mm;

lowest lemmas 1.5-2.8 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, elliptic, strongly laterally compressed, margins conspicuously hairy for most of their length, hairs 1-3 mm, strongly divergent, keels densely appressed pubescent, not or only minutely bilobed, apices awned, awns 1.4-4.8 mm;

second florets 1-1.6 mm, cylindrical to narrowly turbinate, shortly bilobed, lobes less than 1/5 as long as the lemmas, awned from the sinuses, awns 1.7-4 mm;

third florets often enclosed by the first sterile florets, 0.5-0.9 mm, turbinate or flabellate, as long as or longer than the subtending rachilla segments, sometimes inflated apically, unawned.

Caryopses

1-1.5 mm long, about 0.5 mm wide.

about 1 mm long, about 0.5 mm wide.

2n

= 20, 30, 40.

= 72.

Chloris gayana

Chloris elata

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; FL; IL; LA; MA; ME; MS; NC; TX; VA; HI; Virgin Islands
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from FNA
FL; MS; TX; HI; PR
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Discussion

Chloris gayana grows in warm-temperate to tropical regions throughout the world, including the southern United States. It is cultivated as a meadow grass in irrigated regions of the southwest.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The range of Chloris elata lies primarily to the south of the Flora region, extending from southern Florida and the Caribbean islands to Peru and Argentina.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 210. Treatment author: Mary E. Barkworth. FNA vol. 25, p. 208. Treatment author: Mary E. Barkworth.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Chloridoideae > tribe Cynodonteae > Chloris Poaceae > subfam. Chloridoideae > tribe Cynodonteae > Chloris
Sibling taxa
C. andropogonoides, C. barbata, C. berroi, C. canterae, C. ciliata, C. cucullata, C. divaricata, C. elata, C. pectinata, C. pilosa, C. radiata, C. submutica, C. texensis, C. truncata, C. ventricosa, C. verticillata, C. virgata
C. andropogonoides, C. barbata, C. berroi, C. canterae, C. ciliata, C. cucullata, C. divaricata, C. gayana, C. pectinata, C. pilosa, C. radiata, C. submutica, C. texensis, C. truncata, C. ventricosa, C. verticillata, C. virgata
Synonyms C. polydactyla, C. dandyana
Name authority Kunth Desv.
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