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snowlover

Tweedy's snowlover

Habit Herbs, perennial; caudex woody or herbaceous.
Stems

erect, glabrous or puberulent.

1–4, (5–)10–18(–25) cm, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent.

Leaves

basal and cauline, cauline smaller, opposite, sometimes alternate distally;

petiole present or absent;

blade not fleshy, ± leathery or not, margins entire.

basal and proximal cauline, blade oblanceolate, (8–)25–90 × (1–)3–13 mm, surfaces glabrous;

cauline 1–4 pairs, blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, 2–22 × 1–3 mm.

Racemes

1–7 cm, verticillasters 4–10, interrupted, glandular-pubescent;

bracts lanceolate, proximal ones 3–9 × 1–3 mm.

Inflorescences

terminal, spikelike, secund racemes;

bracts present.

Pedicels

present or absent;

bracteoles absent.

0–7 mm, glandular-pubescent.

Flowers

bisexual;

sepals 5, proximally connate, calyx radially symmetric, cylindric to funnelform, lobes triangular to narrowly ovate;

corolla greenish white, creamy white, or pale lavender, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular-funnelform, tube base not spurred or gibbous, throat not densely pilose internally, lobes 5, abaxial 3, adaxial 2;

stamens 4, proximally adnate to corolla, didynamous, filaments glabrous;

staminode 1, ± filiform;

ovary 2-locular, placentation axile;

stigma capitate.

calyx tube 1–2 mm, glandular-pubescent, lobes triangular to narrowly ovate, 2.5–3 × 1.4–2 mm;

corolla pale lavender, 9–14 mm, glabrous externally, palate and proximal parts of abaxial limb glandular-pubescent, hairs to 0.1 mm, tube 1–2 mm, pollen sacs 0.3–0.4 mm, explanate;

staminode 4–5 mm;

style 6–7 mm.

Fruits

capsules, dehiscence septicidal.

Capsules

6.5–9 × 4–5 mm.

Seeds

10–20, tan or brown, ellipsoid to fusiform or ellipsoid-disciform, wings present.

brown, elliptic-disciform, 2.4–3 mm.

x

= 8.

Chionophila

Chionophila tweedyi

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat Talus slopes, meadows, usually near timber lines.
Elevation 2100–3200 m. (6900–10500 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
w United States
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID; MT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 2 (2 in the flora).

Chionophila shares morphological similarities with Penstemon, most notably an epistaminal nectary of glandular hairs. Both have a base chromosome number of eight. R. M. Straw (1966) hypothesized that they are sister taxa. Relationships among genera in Cheloneae remain equivocal (A. D. Wolfe et al. 1997, 2002, 2006; S. L. Datwyler and Wolfe 2004). Chionophila is distinguished from Penstemon by a more prominent calyx tube, spikelike racemes, prominently winged seeds, and absence of bracteoles.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Chionophila tweedyi is known from central Idaho and southwestern Montana.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Verticillasters continuous; calyx tubes 8–9 mm.
C. jamesii
1. Verticillasters interrupted; calyx tubes 1–2 mm.
C. tweedyi
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 61. Author: Craig C. Freeman. FNA vol. 17, p. 62.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae > Chionophila
Sibling taxa
C. jamesii
Subordinate taxa
C. jamesii, C. tweedyi
Synonyms Pentstemonopsis Penstemon tweedyi, Pentstemonopsis tweedyi
Name authority Bentham: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 331. (1846) (Canby & Rose) L. F. Henderson: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 352. (1900)
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