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chimaphile, pipsissewa, Prince's-pine, Prince's-plume

Habit Subshrubs, chlorophyllous, autotrophic.
Stems

erect, rarely decumbent, glabrous or papillose to hispidulous, especially distally.

Leaves

cauline, alternate or pseudoverticillate in 2–5(–6) whorls;

petiole present;

blade maculate or not, lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, ovate, lanceolate-oblong, oblanceolate, elliptic, or spatulate, coriaceous, margins entire, serrulate, serrate, or crenate-serrate, revolute, surfaces glabrous or papillose.

Inflorescences

corymbs or subumbels, rarely solitary flowers, not lax in bud or flower, erect in fruit, (symmetric);

peduncular bracts absent;

inflorescence bracts adnate to pedicels, sometimes scarcely so.

Pedicels

erect in fruit, (glabrous or papillose to hispidulous);

bracteoles absent.

Flowers

radially symmetric, nodding or spreading;

sepals 5, connate proximally, often obscurely so, calyx lobes ovate, broadly ovate, or suborbiculate;

petals 5, distinct, white, pink, or rose, often tinged violet, without basal tubercles, (surfaces glabrous), corolla rotate to crateriform or broadly crateriform;

intrastaminal nectary disc present;

stamens 10, included;

filaments broad proximally, abruptly narrowed medially, slender distally, dilated basal portions ciliate or villous to densely villous;

anthers oblong, without awns, with tubules, dehiscent by 2 crescent-shaped to round pores;

pistil 5-carpellate;

ovary imperfectly 5-locular;

placentation intruded-parietal;

style (included), straight, expanded distally;

stigma entire or obscurely 5-ridged, without subtending ring of hairs.

Fruits

capsular, erect, dehiscence loculicidal, no cobwebby tissue exposed by splitting valves at dehiscence.

Seeds

ca. 1000, fusiform, winged.

x

= 13.

Chimaphila

Distribution
from USDA
North America; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Hispaniola); Eurasia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 5 (3 in the flora).

Ethnobotanical studies have documented a wide variety of drug and food uses of Chimaphila among more than two dozen tribes of Native Americans (D. E. Moerman 1998; K. Sheth et al. 1967).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescence bracts broadly ovate to broadly obovate; inflorescences 1-3-flowered; calyx lobes (3-)5-6.5 mm; stigmas 1.6-2.2(-2.8) mm wide.
C. menziesii
1. Inflorescence bracts acicular to linear-lanceolate; inflorescences (1-)2-7-flowered; calyx lobes 1-4.1 mm; stigmas 2-4 mm wide
→ 2
2. Leaf blades maculate; dilated basal portions of filaments densely villous.
C. maculata
2. Leaf blades not maculate; dilated basal portions of filaments ciliate
C. umbellata
Source FNA vol. 8, p. 385. Author: Craig C. Freeman.
Parent taxa Ericaceae > subfam. Monotropoideae
Subordinate taxa
C. maculata, C. menziesii, C. umbellata
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 279, 300. 1813 ,
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