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smooth goosefoot

chenopodium opulifolium, seaport goosefoot, white goosefoot

Stems

erect or semierect, branched, 1–5.5 dm, glabrous or sparsely farinose.

erect to ascending, usually much-branched, 0.2–0.7(–10) dm, densely farinose.

Leaves

nonaromatic;

petiole to 1 cm;

blade linear, 1-veined, 1–3(–5) × 0.1–0.2(–0.4) cm, somewhat fleshy, base cuneate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous.

non-aromatic;

petiole 0.5–2(–3) cm, shorter than or equaling leaf blades;

blade ovate to rhombic-ovate, 1–3.5(–4.5) × 1–3(–4) cm, base broadly cuneate to abruptly truncate, distinctly 3-lobed, margins dentate to ± entire, apex obtuse (rarely subacute), grayish, usually densely farinose on both surfaces.

Inflorescences

glomerules in terminal and axillary panicles, 6–25 × 5–20 cm, widely spaced, maturing at different times;

bracts variable.

glomerules in terminal and lateral compound spikes, 2–19 cm;

glomerules subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.;

bracts absent.

Flowers

perianth segments 5, connate into 0.3–0.4 mm tube;

lobes ovate or orbicular-obovate, 1–1.4 mm, apex obtuse or rounded, cucullate, carinate, sparsely farinose, largely covering fruit at maturity;

stamens 5;

stigmas 2, 0.1 mm.

perianth segments 5, distinct nearly to base;

lobes ovate, ca. 1 × 1.1 mm, apex obtuse, densely farinose, keeled, covering fruit at maturity;

stamens 5;

stigmas 2, 0.2 mm.

Achenes

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, smooth.

Seeds

ovoid, 1.2–1.6 mm diam., margins obtuse with narrow rim;

seed coat black, smooth, shiny.

lenticular to compressed-subglobose, 0.8–1.25 mm diam.;

seed coat black, smooth or faintly reticulate.

Utricles

depressed-ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, smooth to indistinctly granulate.

2n

= 18.

= 54.

Chenopodium subglabrum

Chenopodium opulifolium

Phenology Fruiting mid summer–fall. Fruiting late summer–fall.
Habitat Sandy areas, particularly sand bars in rivers and in sandy blowouts near river banks Disturbed soils in open habitats
Elevation 400-1400 m (1300-4600 ft) 0-200 m (0-700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CO; IA; MT; ND; NE; NV; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; MB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
IL; IN; MD; NC; PA; ON [Introduced in North America; native s Europe, introduced occasionally in other parts of the world]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Many previous reports of Chenopodium opulifolium in North America were based on misidentifications. Determining its present occurrence and exact distribution in the New World requires special study.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 289. FNA vol. 4, p. 297.
Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Chenopodium > subg. Chenopodium > sect. Chenopodium > subsect. Leptophylla Chenopodiaceae > Chenopodium > subg. Chenopodium > sect. Chenopodium > subsect. Chenopodium
Sibling taxa
C. albescens, C. album, C. atrovirens, C. berlandieri, C. bonus-henricus, C. californicum, C. capitatum, C. chenopodioides, C. cycloides, C. desiccatum, C. ficifolium, C. foggii, C. foliosum, C. fremontii, C. glaucum, C. hians, C. incanum, C. leptophyllum, C. macrospermum, C. murale, C. neomexicanum, C. nevadense, C. opulifolium, C. pallescens, C. polyspermum, C. pratericola, C. rubrum, C. simplex, C. standleyanum, C. strictum, C. urbicum, C. vulvaria, C. watsonii
C. albescens, C. album, C. atrovirens, C. berlandieri, C. bonus-henricus, C. californicum, C. capitatum, C. chenopodioides, C. cycloides, C. desiccatum, C. ficifolium, C. foggii, C. foliosum, C. fremontii, C. glaucum, C. hians, C. incanum, C. leptophyllum, C. macrospermum, C. murale, C. neomexicanum, C. nevadense, C. pallescens, C. polyspermum, C. pratericola, C. rubrum, C. simplex, C. standleyanum, C. strictum, C. subglabrum, C. urbicum, C. vulvaria, C. watsonii
Synonyms C. leptophyllum var. subglabrum
Name authority (S. Watson) A. Nelson: Bot. Gaz. 34: 362. (1902) Schrader ex W.D.J. Koch & Ziz: in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed. 3, 6: 372. (1815)
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