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oak-leaf goosefoot

nettle-leaf goosefoot, sowbane

Stems

erect to prostrate, branched from base, 0.5–2.5(–4) dm, farinose.

erect, branched, 1–6(–10) dm, glabrous (to sparsely farinose when young);

proximal branches decumbent.

Leaves

nonaromatic;

petiole to 1 cm;

blade lanceolate to oblong or ovate, 0.5–4 × 0.3–1.5 cm, base cuneate, margins undulate-dentate, teeth obtuse or acute, apex obtuse or acute, densely farinose, glaucous abaxially.

nonaromatic;

petiole 1–2.5 cm;

blade triangular, ovate, or rhombic-ovate, 0.8–4(–8) × 0.4–3(–5) cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins irregularly dentate, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous (rarely indistinctly farinose when young).

Inflorescences

glomerules in terminal or lateral spikes, 5–10 cm;

glomerules subglobose, 1.8–2.5 mm diam.;

bracts leaflike in inflorescence, elliptic, 0.2–1 × 0.1–0.5 cm, or absent at least in terminal 1/2 of inflorescence.

glomerules in terminal and lateral panicles, 6–7 × 4–5 cm;

glomerules subglobose, 2–4 mm diam., or some flowers not in glomerules;

bracts absent.

Flowers

perianth segments 3–4;

lobes obovate to oblong, 0.5–0.7 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex obtuse, rounded, not keeled, covering fruit at maturity;

stamen 1;

stigmas 2.

perianth segments 5, distinct nearly to base;

lobes ovate, 0.5–0.8 × 0.6–0.7 mm, apex acute to obtuse, keeled abaxially, farinose, covering fruit at maturity;

stamens 5;

stigmas 2, 0.2 mm.

Achenes

depressed-ovoid;

pericarp adherent, pustulate, becoming smooth with maturity.

Seeds

mostly horizontal, some vertical, margins rounded; vertical seeds ovoid to round, 0.6–1.1 mm diam.; horizontal seeds round, 0.6–1.1 mm diam.;

seed coat reddish brown, rugose-punctate.

lenticular, round, 1–1.5 mm diam.;

seed coat black, minutely rugose to ± smooth.

Utricles

ovoid;

pericarp nonadherent, smooth.

2n

= 18.

= 18.

Chenopodium glaucum

Chenopodium murale

Phenology Fruiting fall.
Habitat Waste places, roadsides, clay mounds, open oak woods, prairies, rocky hillsides, along railways
Elevation 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DE; FL; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; NC; NJ; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; BC; NB; ON; QC; SK; native to Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced nearly worldwide, mostly in subtropics and warm-temperate regions]
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 or more (2 in the flora).

Several entities (segregate species, subspecies, varieties, and forms) have been described within the Chenopodium glaucum group. Most of the taxa represent morphological traits of individual or ecological variability and have little or no taxonomic importance. However, several entities are well delimited geographically. The native North American taxon is recognized here as a separate variety.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Chenopodium murale is distinctive and is one of the more common species of the genus in the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences without leaflike bracts, at least on terminal 1/2; leaf blade apices obtuse; vertical seeds 0.6-0.9 mm
var. glaucum
1. Inflorescences with leaflike bracts throughout; leaf blade apices acute; vertical seeds 0.9-1.1 mm
var. salinum
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 283. FNA vol. 4, p. 287.
Parent taxa Chenopodiaceae > Chenopodium > subg. Blitum > sect. Glauca Chenopodiaceae > Chenopodium > subg. Chenopodium > sect. Chenopodium > subsect. Undata
Sibling taxa
C. albescens, C. album, C. atrovirens, C. berlandieri, C. bonus-henricus, C. californicum, C. capitatum, C. chenopodioides, C. cycloides, C. desiccatum, C. ficifolium, C. foggii, C. foliosum, C. fremontii, C. hians, C. incanum, C. leptophyllum, C. macrospermum, C. murale, C. neomexicanum, C. nevadense, C. opulifolium, C. pallescens, C. polyspermum, C. pratericola, C. rubrum, C. simplex, C. standleyanum, C. strictum, C. subglabrum, C. urbicum, C. vulvaria, C. watsonii
C. albescens, C. album, C. atrovirens, C. berlandieri, C. bonus-henricus, C. californicum, C. capitatum, C. chenopodioides, C. cycloides, C. desiccatum, C. ficifolium, C. foggii, C. foliosum, C. fremontii, C. glaucum, C. hians, C. incanum, C. leptophyllum, C. macrospermum, C. neomexicanum, C. nevadense, C. opulifolium, C. pallescens, C. polyspermum, C. pratericola, C. rubrum, C. simplex, C. standleyanum, C. strictum, C. subglabrum, C. urbicum, C. vulvaria, C. watsonii
Subordinate taxa
C. glaucum var. glaucum, C. glaucum var. salinum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 220. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 219. (1753)
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