Chenopodium chenopodioides |
Chenopodium simplex |
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buttered goosefoot, goosefoot, low goosefoot |
giant-seed goosefoot, large-seed goosefoot, maple-leaf goosefoot, sowbane |
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Stems | erect to prostrate, much-branched, 0.1–3.5 dm, glabrous. |
erect, branched, 3–15 dm, glabrous. |
Leaves | nonaromatic; petiole to 0.28 cm; blade deltate or narrowly deltate, 0.8–6 × 0.2–3.5 cm, base cuneate, margins entire or broadly dentate, apex acute to obtuse. |
nonaromatic; petiole 0.15–0.45 cm; blade ovate to triangular, 3.5–15 × 2–9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins sinuate-dentate with 1–5 coarse, acute teeth, distal leaves entire or with few small teeth, apex acute, glabrous. |
Inflorescences | lateral glomerules sessile on lateral branched spikes; glomerules subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.; bracts oblanceolate to linear, 0.2–1.5 cm. |
glomerules in terminal and lateral spikes and panicles, 6–15 cm; glomerules irregularly globose, flowers in different stages of development, 0.5–2 mm diam.; bracts absent. |
Flowers | perianth segments 3, connate almost to apex into 0.5–0.8 mm tube; lobes deltate, 0.1–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, membranous, apex acute, flat or occasionally keeled-corniculate, glabrous, green and covering fruit at maturity; stamen 1; stigmas 2, 0.2 mm. |
perianth segments 5, connate into 0.5 mm tube; lobes ovate to lanceolate, 0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, apex retuse, slightly keeled, glabrous, margins meeting or separated by as much as their width, exposing more than 1/2 fruit at maturity; stamens 5; stigmas 2, 0.1 mm. |
Achenes | depressed-ovoid; pericarp adherent, chartaceous, smooth. |
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Seeds | vertical and horizontal, ovoid, 0.6–0.9 mm diam., margins rounded; seed coat black, smooth. |
lenticular, 1.3–1.9 mm diam.; seed coat black, indistinctly honeycombed to nearly smooth, margins rounded. |
Utricles | ovoid; pericarp nonadherent, reticulate-punctate. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Chenopodium chenopodioides |
Chenopodium simplex |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting Jul–Oct. |
Habitat | Borders of lakes and ponds, lake bottoms, in fields | Woods, thickets, hardwood slopes, wooded tallus, nutrient-rich woods, sometimes in waste places and fields |
Elevation | 100-2400 m (300-7900 ft) | 0-1800 m (0-5900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; South America
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AK; AR; CA; CO; CT; DE; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | The name Chenopodium botryodes Smith was sometimes applied to C. chenopodioides because of uncertainty about the proper application and typification of the name Blitum chenopodioides Linnaeus. The recent publication by P. Uotila (2001) provides a reasonable solution by maintaining the traditional usage through neotypification of the Linnaean name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
A closely related Eurasian diploid species, Chenopodium hybridum Linnaeus, probably also occurs in North America as introduced. Its occurrence in the New World needs confirmation. Chenopodium simplex differs from its Eurasian counterpart in having a smoother seed coat, a yellowish pericarp that is more adherent to the seed, and a different chromosome number (A. I. Baranov 1964; R. D. Dorn 1988b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 282. | FNA vol. 4, p. 284. |
Parent taxa | Chenopodiaceae > Chenopodium > subg. Blitum > sect. Pseudoblitum | Chenopodiaceae > Chenopodium > subg. Chenopodium > sect. Grossefoveata |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Blitum chenopodioides, C. botryodes, C. chenopodioides var. degenianum, C. crassifolium | C. hybridum var. simplex, C. gigantospermum |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Aellen: in C. Osten et al., Ostenia, 98. (1933) | (Torrey) Rafinesque: Atlantic J. 1: 146. (1832) |
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