Chenopodium chenopodioides |
Chenopodium ficifolium |
|
---|---|---|
buttered goosefoot, goosefoot, low goosefoot |
figleaf goosefoot |
|
Stems | erect to prostrate, much-branched, 0.1–3.5 dm, glabrous. |
erect, simple, 1.8–5.5 dm, glabrous to sparsely farinose. |
Leaves | nonaromatic; petiole to 0.28 cm; blade deltate or narrowly deltate, 0.8–6 × 0.2–3.5 cm, base cuneate, margins entire or broadly dentate, apex acute to obtuse. |
nonaromatic; petiole 0.3–4.5 cm, usually shorter than leaves; blade distinctly 3-lobed, narrowly ovate to elongate, (1.4–)2.7–6.2 × (0.5–)1.2–2.5 cm, base cuneate, margins toothed or nearly entire, with pair of basal lobes, apex obtuse to subacute, sparsely farinose. |
Inflorescences | lateral glomerules sessile on lateral branched spikes; glomerules subglobose, 3–4 mm diam.; bracts oblanceolate to linear, 0.2–1.5 cm. |
glomerules in terminal and lateral spikes and panicles, 11 cm; glomerules irregularly globose, in different stages of development, 1.7–1.9 mm diam.; bracts absent or leaflike. |
Flowers | perianth segments 3, connate almost to apex into 0.5–0.8 mm tube; lobes deltate, 0.1–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, membranous, apex acute, flat or occasionally keeled-corniculate, glabrous, green and covering fruit at maturity; stamen 1; stigmas 2, 0.2 mm. |
perianth segments 5, connate at base into 0.3 mm tube; lobes ovate, 0.5–0.9 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex acute, farinose, keeled, covering fruit at maturity; stamens 5; stigmas 2, 0.3 mm. |
Seeds | vertical and horizontal, ovoid, 0.6–0.9 mm diam., margins rounded; seed coat black, smooth. |
lenticular, 0.9–1 mm diam.; seed coat black, honeycomb-pitted. |
Utricles | ovoid; pericarp nonadherent, reticulate-punctate. |
depressed-ovoid; pericarp nonadherent, smooth. |
2n | = 18. |
|
Chenopodium chenopodioides |
Chenopodium ficifolium |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting early summer–fall. |
Habitat | Borders of lakes and ponds, lake bottoms, in fields | Disturbed nitrogen-rich habitats |
Elevation | 100-2400 m (300-7900 ft) | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; CO; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; South America
|
FL; MO; OR; PA; QC [Introduced in North America; native s, se Asia, occasionally introduced in other parts of the world] |
Discussion | The name Chenopodium botryodes Smith was sometimes applied to C. chenopodioides because of uncertainty about the proper application and typification of the name Blitum chenopodioides Linnaeus. The recent publication by P. Uotila (2001) provides a reasonable solution by maintaining the traditional usage through neotypification of the Linnaean name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Chenopodium ficifolium has often been called C. serotinum Linnaeus. P. Aellen (1929b) and P. Uotila (1979b) have shown that the type of C. serotinum is a sterile Atriplex specimen (most probably A. tatarica Linnaeus) based on its Kranz-type leaf structure. Chenopodium blomianum Aellen [= C. ficifolium subsp. blomianum (Aellen) Aellen] was described from Sweden based on alien plants of presumably East Asian origin (P. Aellen 1928). According to Aellen, that subspecies occurs in southern and southeastern Asia and differs from C. ficifolium subsp. ficifolium in having leaves with spreading basal lobes almost perpendicular to the central lobe and seeds with shallow elongate depressions. All North American plants of C. ficifolium belong to subsp. ficifolium. In Europe C. ficifolium occasionally hybridizes with other species, including C. album (producing C. ×zahnii Murr) and C. suecicum (producing C. ×gruellii Aellen). No study has been made of such hybrids in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 282. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Chenopodiaceae > Chenopodium > subg. Blitum > sect. Pseudoblitum | Chenopodiaceae > Chenopodium > subg. Chenopodium > sect. Chenopodium > subsect. Favosa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Blitum chenopodioides, C. botryodes, C. chenopodioides var. degenianum, C. crassifolium | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Aellen: in C. Osten et al., Ostenia, 98. (1933) | Smith: Fl. Brit. 1: 276. (1800) |
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