Ceratodon purpureus |
Ceratodon purpureus subsp. conicus |
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ceratodon moss, fire-moss |
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Habit | Plants in open to dense tufts, turfs, or mats, green, dark green, brownish green, light green or yellow-green, usually darker proximally, often tinged reddish brown or purple. | Plants in compact mats, usually yellow-green. | ||||||||
Stems | (0.2–)1–3(–4) cm. |
(0.2–)0.3–0.6(–3) cm. |
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Leaves | crowded, erect-patent to contorted or somewhat crisped, rarely straight when dry, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or triangular-lanceolate, 0.35–2.8 mm, margins recurved to near apex or rarely plane, irregularly serrate to uneven or smooth distally, apices acute to short-acuminate or, rarely, obtuse; costa strong, sub-percurrent to excurrent, sometimes as a long, smooth awn, medial laminal cells (6.5–)8–12(–14) µm, cell walls even, usually of medium thickness, often somewhat thicker and rounded at the cell angles. |
straight to slightly twisted when dry, usually forming a comal tuft, slightly spreading when wet, 0.6–1.2 mm, margins often entire; costae long-excurrent as a smooth awn on many leaves, awns sometimes as long as leaf blade. |
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Seta | 1–3(–4) cm, various shades of red, orange, or yellow. |
yellow to yellow-orange. |
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Capsule | oblong to long-cylindric, (1–)2–2.5(–3) mm, smooth to strongly sulcate when dry; free to united at their nodes, finely papillose to spinulose-papillose, dark red and bordered to completely pale and absent borders. |
usually slightly inclined to erect, usually straight, (0.8–)1–1.8(–2.2) mm, pale brown to yellow (golden) orange, smooth to sulcate when dry, usually weakly strumose. |
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Spores | (10–)11–14(–17) µm. |
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Peristome | teeth faintly bordered to unbordered, usually with 5–9 articulations. |
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Ceratodon purpureus |
Ceratodon purpureus subsp. conicus |
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Phenology | Capsules mature early summer–late fall. | |||||||||
Habitat | Common on calcium-rich soils of arid habitats | |||||||||
Elevation | moderate elevations (300-800 m) (moderate elevations (1000-2600 ft)) | |||||||||
Distribution |
Nearly worldwide
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ID; MN; OR; WA; BC; Eurasia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands) |
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Discussion | Subspecies 4 (3 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies conicus is apparently widespread in some arid regions of western North America. J. S. Burley and N. M. Pritchard (1990) considered its status in North America to be uncertain. However, fertile collections, although uncommon, fit well within their concept. It appears to be widespread in the semi-arid steppe regions of central Washington and adjacent British Columbia. In these arid habitats, it is often admixed with other low-growing species (e.g., Bryum spp. and Didymodon spp.) as part of the biological crust community. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 27, p. 446. | FNA vol. 27, p. 447. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Ditrichaceae > Ceratodon | Ditrichaceae > Ceratodon > Ceratodon purpureus | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Dicranum purpureum, C. purpurascens, C. purpureus var. purpurascens, C. purpureus var. xanthopus | Trichostomum conicum, C. conicus | ||||||||
Name authority | (Hedwig) Bridel: Bryol. Univ. 1:480. (1826) | (Hampe) Dixon: Stud. Handb. Brit. Mosses, 68. (1896) | ||||||||
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