Cerastium pumilum |
Cerastium nutans |
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dwarf mouse-ear, dwarf mouse-ear chickweed, European chickweed, sticky mouse-ear chickweed |
common chickweed, céraiste penché, longstem chickweed, nodding chickweed, nodding mouse-ear chickweed |
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Habit | Plants annual, with slender taproot. | Plants annual, slender, finely glandular-pubescent (often perennial and tomentose in var. obtectum), with slender taproot. | ||||
Stems | erect or ascending, branching near base, 2–12 cm, covered with glandular and eglandular hairs; small axillary tufts of leaves usually absent. |
erect, simple or branched at or near base, sometimes with straggling, nonflowering basal shoots, 10–50 cm, softly pubescent, often with a few long, flexuous, woolly hairs at proximal nodes, glandular and somewhat viscid distally; small axillary tufts of leaves usually absent. |
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Leaves | not marcescent, sessile; blade 5–15 × 3–6 mm, hairy; basal with blades oblanceolate, spatulate, petiolelike, apex obtuse; cauline with blades lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate, apex acute to obtuse. |
marcescent or not, sessile; blade oblanceolate to spatulate in proximal leaves, becoming lanceolate to linear-lanceolate in distal leaves, occasionally elliptic, 10–60 × 3–15 mm, apex acuminate to acute, softly pubescent and glandular, sometimes tomentose. |
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Inflorescences | lax, 3–15-flowered (rarely more) cymes; bracts lanceolate: proximal usually foliaceous, distal smaller, usually with narrow, scarious margins and apex, glandular-pubescent. |
rather open, 3–21(–40)-flowered cymes, ultimately widely branched; bracts herbaceous, lanceolate, glandular-pubescent. |
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Pedicels | erect, curved distally, 3–8(–10) mm, longer than capsule, glandular-pubescent. |
ascending, sharply deflexed at apex in fruit, 5–20(–35) mm, usually 1–3 times as long as sepals in flower, elongating to 5 times as long as sepals in fruit, longer than capsules, glandular-pubescent and viscid. |
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Flowers | sepals green, sometimes red tipped, oblong-lanceolate, 4–5 mm, margins narrow, apex acute, pubescent, hairs short, stiff, glandular, not projecting beyond scarious, glabrous apex; petals white or purple-tinged, with branching veins, oblanceolate, ca. 5 mm, ± equaling sepals, apex 2-fid for ca. 1/4 length; stamens 5; styles 5. |
sepals ovate-lanceolate, 4–6 mm, outer sepals herbaceous or with narrow margins, inner with margins ca. as wide as herbaceous center, apex broadly acute to obtuse, glandular-puberulent, hairs shorter than sepal tips; petals oblanceolate, sometimes absent, 3–6(–8) mm, shorter to 1.5 times longer than sepals, apex 2-fid; stamens 10; styles 5. |
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Capsules | narrowly cylindric, slightly curved upward, 6–9 mm, ca. 2 times as long as sepals; teeth 10, erect, margins convolute. |
cylindric, curved, (9–)10–12(–13) mm, 2–3 times as long as sepals; teeth 10, erect, margins convolute. |
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Seeds | dark brown, deltoid, 0.6–0.7 mm, tuberculate; testa not inflated. |
golden brown, 0.5–0.8 mm diam., shallowly tuberculate; testa not inflated. |
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2n | = 72. |
= 34, 36. |
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Cerastium pumilum |
Cerastium nutans |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | |||||
Habitat | Dry, sandy, gravelly places on roadsides and arable land | |||||
Elevation | 0-900 m (0-3000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WA; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; Mexico
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Discussion | North American material referred to here as Cerastium pumilum is very variable. At one extreme are plants resembling small annual forms of C. fontanum, with relatively short, broad capsules, petals slightly longer than the sepals, and sepals that are usually red at the tips. At the other extreme are plants with relatively long, narrow capsules resembling impoverished diffuse-inflorescenced C. glomeratum, with short petals and no red pigment. The latter are probably referable to C. pumilum subsp. glutinosum. B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson (2001+, vol. 2) treated C. glutinosum as a distinct species in Scandinavia, but the correlation of characters that they gave to distinguish C. glutinosum from C. pumilum does not occur in most North American material that I have examined. Hence, the recognition of a single species, possibly with two subspecies, as in Flora Europaea (T. G. Tutin et al. 1964–1980, vol. 1), appears to be more appropriate. The problem may arise from North American material having been introduced from several sources, whereas Scandinavian material may consist of two native genotypes that do not show the complete range of variation in the species. Cerastium pumilum can look like a small annual form of C. fontanum but differs in its smaller capsules and the characteristic rather short, glandular hairs on the sepals, bracts, and inflorescence. It can be separated from C. semidecandrum by the much narrower scarious margins of the sepals and bracts and by the branching veins in the petals, which tend to be slightly longer and more conspicuous than in C. semidecandrum. Some forms of C. glomeratum have a very open inflorescence and may be confused with C. pumilum, but C. glomeratum has ten stamens, a narrower capsule, all the bracts herbaceous, and long, eglandular hairs (often mixed with glandular ones) on the bracts and sepals. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 88. | FNA vol. 5, p. 87. | ||||
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Cerastium | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Cerastium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | C. glutinosum, C. pumilum subsp. glutinosum | |||||
Name authority | Curtis: Fl. Londin. 2(6,69): plate 30. (1794) | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol., 36. (1814) | ||||
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