Cerastium fontanum |
Cerastium arcticum |
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common chickweed, common mouse-ear chickweed, céraiste commun, mouse-ear chickweed |
arctic mouse-ear chickweed, céraiste arctique, mouse-ear chickweed |
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Habit | Plants perennial (rarely annual), tufted to mat-forming, often rhizomatous. | Plants perennial, loosely mat-forming but not pulvinate, rhizomatous. | ||||
Stems | flowering stems erect from decumbent base, branched proximally, 10–45 cm, softly pubescent, eglandular with straight hairs; nonflowering shoots, when present, produced proximally, decumbent, rooting at nodes, branched, 5–20 cm, often subglabrous with alternating lines of eglandular hairs; small axillary tufts of leaves usually absent. |
erect, from decumbent base, 5–30 cm, sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs spreading, straight, often glandular; small axillary tufts of leaves usually absent. |
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Leaves | not marcescent; blade 10–25(–40) × 3–8(–12) mm, densely covered with patent to ascending, colorless, long, eglandular hairs; leaves of flowering shoots in distant pairs, sessile, blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, apex subacute; leaves of sterile shoots pseudopetiolate, often spatulate, blade oblanceolate, apex obtuse. |
subsessile; blade broadly elliptic to obovate or rotund, larger blades in mid-stem region, 5–22 × 2–8 mm, apex round and obtuse, rarely broadly acute, pubescence ciliate and strigose, hairs long and eglandular, mixed with shorter eglandular hairs, colorless to somewhat fuscous; proximal leaves not strongly marcescent, blade oblanceolate, often broadly so, spatulate. |
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Inflorescences | lax, 3–50-flowered cymes; bracts lanceolate, reduced, herbaceous, eglandular-pubescent, distal often with narrow, scarious margins. |
1–3-flowered, lax cymes, with patent, multicellular, long, glandular hairs; proximal bracts broadly lanceolate, pubescence as leaves; distal bracts narrowly lanceolate, margins narrow, scarious, glandular-pubescent. |
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Pedicels | somewhat curved distally, 2–10(–20) mm, longer than sepals, densely pubescent with patent, eglandular, rarely glandular hairs. |
± straight or somewhat curved at apex, 5–45 mm, 1–4 times as long as sepals (rarely longer), pubescence long and glandular. |
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Flowers | sepals ovate-lanceolate, 5–7 mm, margins narrow, apex acute, scarious, pubescent with eglandular, rarely glandular, hairs; petals oblanceolate, 1–1.5 times as long as sepals, apex deeply 2-fid; stamens 10, occasionally 5; styles 5. |
sepals narrowly lanceolate, 8–11 mm, margins narrow, apex acuminate, hairs ascending, long, glandular and eglandular; petals 12–18 mm, 1–2 times as long as sepals, apex 2-fid; stamens 10; styles 5. |
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Capsules | narrowly cylindric, curved, 9–17 mm, ca. 2 times sepals; teeth 10, erect, margins convolute. |
broadly conic, straight or almost so, 14–18 mm, 1.5–2 times as long as sepals, teeth 10, ± erect, margins convolute. |
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Seeds | reddish brown, 0.4–1.2 mm, bluntly tuberculate; testa not inflated, tightly enclosing seed. |
red-brown, 1.1–1.3 mm diam., tuberculate; tubercles acute; testa not inflated, closely enclosing seed. |
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2n | = 122–152, usually 144. |
= (54) 108. |
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Cerastium fontanum |
Cerastium arcticum |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | |||||
Habitat | Arctic tundra and solifluction areas, talus slopes, beaches, coastal grassland and seepage areas, exposed rocky headlands | |||||
Elevation | 0-400 m (0-1300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Europe [Introduced elsewhere]
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LB; NT; NU; QC; Greenland; n Europe (Franz Joseph Land, Novaya Zemlya, Svalbard) |
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Discussion | Subspecies 4 (2 in the flora). Cerastium fontanum is a highly variable and complex species. It often has been reported as C. vulgatum Linnaeus, an ambiguous name; see discussion under the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cerastium arcticum has been a much confused and misunderstood species, recently separated from C. nigrescens Edmonston ex H. C. Watson on seed characters. The latter has large seeds with loose, inflated testae, whereas C. arcticum has seeds that are smaller and have tight testae that cannot easily be removed (A. K. Brysting and R. Elven 2000). Much of the North American material previously placed in C. arcticum is now considered to belong to a distinct species, C. bialynickii Tolmatchew (see comments under that species). Cerastium alpinum differs from C. arcticum in having very long, flexuous, translucent hairs which often mat together. In C. arcticum and other members of the complex, the hairs are usually straight, yellowish, and not flexuous. Cerastium arcticum may on occasion have some pubescence like that of C. alpinum; such plants have been named C. arcticum var. vestitum. Whether they represent introgression of C. alpinum into C. arcticum, as suggested by E. Hultén (1956), is uncertain. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5. | FNA vol. 5. | ||||
Parent taxa | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Cerastium | Caryophyllaceae > subfam. Alsinoideae > Cerastium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | C. alpinum var. procerum, C. alpinum var. uniflorum, C. arcticum subsp. hyperboreum, C. arcticum subsp. procerum, C. arcticum var. procerum, C. arcticum var. vestitum, C. hyperboreum, C. nigrescens subsp. arcticum | |||||
Name authority | Baumgarten: Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 425. (1816) | Lange: in G. C. Oeder et al., Fl. Dan. 17(50): 7, plate 2863. (1880) | ||||
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